CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 



INTEODUCTOEY. 



OijoGEAPHT. — The Southern Ghats : the Varslianad spur and its continuation 

 the Andiputty Malai and Naga Malai. Subsidiary/ spurs : the Pemalai, 

 Saddaragiri and Kudirai Malai. 



The Northern hills: Sira-Malai, Karuntha Malai, Nattam hills, Waggut 

 Malai, Alagiri and Pva Malai. Outlying hills in Madura disti-ict, south 

 of the Vaigai river ; Parayur hills. In Tinnevelly district ; the Periur 

 hills, Valanad hills, Narayanan Pottai and Suttu Pottai. 



Hydeogeaphy. — Of Madura : the Vershalei (Manimutar or Tripatur river), 

 the Serruvayal river or Upparu, the Vaigai, the Gundar. Of Tinnevelly : 

 the Vaippar, the Chittar and Tambraparni, the Natar or Karameniar, the 

 Nambi-ar and Annam-ar. The Teri lakes. Lagoons and backwaters 

 (Kayals). 



The Climates of the Disteicts. 



Schedule of the Geological foemations. 



Materials for constructing the map. 



CHAPTER II. 



peevious obseevees. 



Greenough's geological map. Dr. Muzzy. Nelson's Manual of Madura district. 

 Dr. Caldwell's notes on geology of South-East Tinnevelly. Lieutenant- 

 Colonel Branfill, Great Trigonometrical Survey. Stuart's Manual of Tinae- 

 velly district, ........... 



CHAPTER III. 



THE GNEISSIC EOCKS. 



Groups of the gneiss in Madura district : Tirumangalam, Kokulara, Sikandar 

 Malai, Naga Malai, Melur and AUagiri groups. Ungrouped beds : Peru- 

 mal limestones. Tirushulai granite gneiss. Arupukotai beds. Kovil- 

 patti serpentine rock. Kotaiparai hornblendic granite gneiss. Pantala- 

 gudi limestones ; Palavauattam limestone. Meiamorphic area in 



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