78 FOOTE: GEOLOGY OP MADURA AND TTNNEVELLY DISTRICTS. 



tufa which recurs at intervals along the cart tract going south-south- 

 eastward to Adayal and Mudalur (Moothaloor) . The tufa is largely- 

 developed in the bed of the Karameni-ar at the ford. 



4. A great spread of the tufa occurs 3 miles west-north-west of the ford 

 North of Sathanku- just named opposite the large village of Sathankulam 



Jaui. (Shattungcolum) and covers many hundred acres. 



5. At and to the south of Neddunkulam (Neddungcolum), 4 miles 



west-north-west of Sathankulara, are also notahle 

 At Neddunkulam. -, n • n tiipi-i 



spreads of massive tufa, a good deal of which 



appears also still further south in the bed of the Karameni-ar near 



Pudukulam (not in the map) . 



6. In the broad shallow valley skirting the western side of the 

 w t d til of the Sathankulam teri occurs the largest development 



Rathankulam teri. of the massive tufa known in Tinuevelly district. 



It occupies nearly the whole valley, occurring either on the surface or 

 showino" in every well-section visible, and at Vaganeri forms a thick sheet 

 of solid limestone hard enough and compact enough to be thought worth 

 quarrying. It is found continuously down the valley past Selva 

 Marudur (Chella Murdoor) and Iddayauirudi to within a mile or so of 

 the west end of the Taruvai lake. 



7. Proceedino- west hence there are great shows (extensive sheets of 



„ ^, limestone) of the tufa in the shallow valley of the 

 In the valley of the -' _ -^ 



Yelhiva Odai. Ycllava Odai branch of the Nambi-ar at intervals 



alono- the course of the stream past Vadacheri (Vuddachary) and 



Samugarangapuram (Shummoorungaveram), and for several miles up 



to the branches of the nullah westward of the latter place. The thick 



bedded massive limestone character of the tufa is 

 At Samugaranga- 

 puram. very rerr arkably seen iu a small tank close to the old 



sale (avenue') east of the village. Here too the tufa encloses small segrega- 

 tions of semi-transparent brown chert, having a very flint-like appearance. 



8. South of the valley the tufa recurs again in very large quantity 

 InthcRadapuramval- i'^ ^^'^ Kadapuram nullah, especially to the south 



l«y- and south-west of Udayattur (Woothathoor), and 



( 78 ) 



