﻿SUB-AERIAL 
  FORMATIONS. 
  13 
  

  

  inland 
  advance 
  of 
  the 
  moving 
  sand. 
  Of 
  trailing 
  plants, 
  the 
  Spinifex 
  

   squarrosus 
  and 
  Ipomea 
  pes-capri 
  seem 
  the 
  most 
  useful 
  in 
  fixing 
  the 
  

   surface 
  of 
  the 
  sands. 
  

  

  The 
  very 
  steep 
  and 
  well 
  defined 
  line 
  of 
  sandhills 
  running 
  northward 
  

  

  s 
  ih'll 
  th 
  f 
  fr° 
  m 
  ^ 
  ne 
  Ennore 
  backwater 
  to 
  Caulongy 
  appears 
  

  

  Ennore. 
  g 
  ^o 
  owe 
  jfc 
  s 
  definite 
  shape 
  chiefly 
  to 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  

  

  Cashew 
  nut 
  trees 
  and 
  Pandanus, 
  which 
  have 
  either 
  been 
  planted, 
  or 
  have 
  

  

  sprung 
  up, 
  along 
  its 
  inner 
  boundary. 
  

  

  For 
  about 
  eight 
  miles 
  north 
  of 
  Chintominicoil 
  the 
  blown 
  sands 
  

   form 
  but 
  very 
  small 
  hillocks 
  with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  isolated 
  

   sandhills 
  of 
  fair 
  size 
  which 
  occur 
  along 
  the 
  Pulicat 
  sand-spit, 
  and 
  on 
  

   one 
  of 
  which 
  stand 
  the 
  Pulicat 
  light-house 
  and 
  flagstaff. 
  

  

  Nearly 
  three 
  miles 
  north 
  of 
  Coromandel 
  at 
  the 
  village 
  of 
  Topa- 
  

  

  Sandhills 
  north 
  of 
  mm 
  P°Ui 
  am 
  the 
  sandhills 
  again 
  rise 
  to 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  

  

  PullCat 
  • 
  from 
  15 
  to 
  30 
  feet, 
  and 
  are 
  hedged 
  in 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  

  

  side 
  by 
  scrubby 
  jungle 
  or 
  by 
  a 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  Cashew 
  tree 
  and 
  Pandanus. 
  

  

  The 
  Palmyra 
  palm 
  {Borassus 
  flabelUformis) 
  and 
  Casuarinas 
  flourish 
  

   on 
  the 
  blown 
  sands, 
  and 
  thick 
  plantations 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  seem 
  more 
  

   effective 
  than 
  anything 
  else 
  in 
  staying 
  the 
  movements 
  of 
  the 
  loose 
  sands. 
  

  

  At 
  Puludivakum 
  (or 
  Poodoovakam), 
  where 
  a 
  very 
  large 
  plantation 
  

  

  Effects 
  of 
  Casuarina 
  ° 
  f 
  Casuarinas 
  nas 
  been 
  ma 
  <^ 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  

   plantations. 
  supplying 
  Madras 
  with 
  firewood, 
  I 
  was 
  informed 
  

  

  by 
  a 
  very 
  intelligent 
  native 
  in 
  charge 
  of 
  the 
  salt-pans, 
  that 
  the 
  drifting 
  of 
  

   sand 
  over 
  the 
  paddy-fields 
  bordering 
  the 
  backwater 
  had 
  entirely 
  ceased 
  

   as 
  the 
  trees 
  grew 
  up, 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  cultivators 
  had 
  been 
  very 
  greatly 
  

   benefited 
  thereby. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  well 
  known 
  fact 
  that 
  thick 
  plantations 
  of 
  fir 
  

   trees 
  and 
  other 
  conifers 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  the 
  only 
  effective 
  means 
  of 
  

   checking 
  the 
  destructive 
  advance 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  sandhills 
  of 
  the 
  Landes 
  

   between 
  Bordeaux 
  and 
  Bayonne 
  in 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  France. 
  

  

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  13 
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