﻿NUMMULITIC 
  OR 
  EOCENE 
  GROUP. 
  109 
  

  

  seen 
  conspicuously 
  perched 
  half 
  way 
  up 
  the 
  hill 
  side, 
  the 
  remainder 
  of 
  

   the 
  bed 
  having 
  here 
  suffered 
  removal. 
  To 
  the 
  North, 
  this 
  ridge 
  is 
  so 
  

   steeply 
  scarped 
  that 
  the 
  limestone 
  is 
  brought 
  to 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  sum- 
  

   mit 
  and 
  thrown 
  down, 
  forming 
  great 
  shoots 
  on 
  the 
  hill- 
  side 
  perfectly 
  

   visible 
  from 
  Thaietmio. 
  From 
  the 
  bottom 
  it 
  is 
  removed 
  to 
  the 
  kilns 
  at 
  

   the 
  village 
  of 
  Ton-doung-ua 
  ; 
  whilst 
  from 
  spots 
  along 
  the 
  southern 
  out- 
  

   crops 
  of 
  the 
  rock, 
  it 
  is 
  broken 
  up 
  and 
  placed 
  in 
  rough 
  sleighs 
  and 
  

   thereon 
  conveyed 
  to 
  the 
  plains 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  bullocks 
  and 
  buffaloes. 
  

  

  It 
  was 
  in 
  a 
  ravine, 
  or 
  small 
  stream 
  which 
  had 
  deeply 
  cut 
  down 
  into 
  

   the 
  shales 
  and 
  sandstone 
  underlying 
  the 
  Nummulitic 
  limestone 
  at 
  the 
  

   western 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  hill, 
  that 
  the 
  coal 
  was 
  first 
  discovered 
  in 
  1855 
  by 
  

   Captain 
  White, 
  at 
  that 
  date 
  Assistant 
  Commissioner 
  of 
  Thaietmio. 
  The 
  

   irregularity 
  of 
  the 
  seam 
  was, 
  however, 
  fatal 
  to 
  its 
  economic 
  value, 
  some 
  

   idea 
  of 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  formed 
  from 
  the 
  following 
  brief 
  extract 
  from 
  

   Dr. 
  Oldham's 
  memorandum 
  : 
  " 
  The 
  best 
  seams 
  of 
  bright 
  coal 
  were 
  found 
  

   suddenly 
  stopped 
  off 
  by 
  masses 
  of 
  clay 
  imbedded 
  in 
  the 
  general 
  seam, 
  

   or 
  forming 
  lenticular 
  masses 
  in 
  the 
  coal 
  : 
  layers 
  which 
  in 
  one 
  place 
  were 
  

   bright, 
  jetty 
  coal, 
  passed, 
  within 
  a 
  few 
  inches' 
  space, 
  into 
  earthy 
  shale 
  ; 
  

   and 
  the 
  whole 
  bed 
  which, 
  when 
  first 
  seen, 
  looked 
  a 
  very 
  promising 
  bed 
  

   of 
  4 
  feet 
  in 
  thickness, 
  was 
  broken 
  up 
  into 
  thin 
  and 
  irregular 
  patches 
  

   of 
  coal 
  mixed 
  with 
  clay." 
  

  

  The 
  block 
  of 
  Nummulitic 
  strata 
  forming 
  the 
  Lime-hill 
  proper 
  is 
  

   clearly 
  cut 
  off 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  by 
  a 
  fault 
  parallel 
  to 
  the 
  Penthaling 
  fault, 
  which 
  

   would 
  seem 
  to 
  run 
  directly 
  under 
  the 
  scarp 
  of 
  the 
  hill, 
  and 
  to 
  be 
  covered 
  

   by 
  the 
  talus 
  of 
  fragments 
  and 
  detritus 
  from 
  the 
  rocks 
  above. 
  What 
  

   appears 
  from 
  Thaietmio 
  as 
  the 
  Western 
  shoulder 
  of 
  the 
  Lime-hill, 
  is 
  in 
  

   reality 
  a 
  separate 
  hill 
  cut 
  off 
  from 
  it 
  by 
  the 
  above, 
  or 
  Ton-doung, 
  fault 
  ; 
  

   the 
  gap 
  separating 
  the 
  two 
  being 
  concealed 
  from 
  view 
  at 
  Thaietmio 
  by 
  

   this 
  hill 
  standing 
  somewhat 
  en 
  echelon 
  to 
  the 
  Lime-hill. 
  

  

  The 
  fact 
  of 
  Ton-doung 
  being 
  brought 
  up 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  faults 
  

   I 
  have 
  named 
  above, 
  is 
  sufficiently 
  clear 
  ; 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  equally 
  certain 
  

  

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