ETHNOLOGY HKDLEY. 233 



In many islands the natives are fast dying out, and in more they 

 have become so modified by contact with the white man and by 

 crossings due to deportations by Europeans, that immediate steps 

 are necessary to record the anthropological data that remain."* 



In writing down native names an endeavour has been made to 

 followthe system of orthography adopted by the Royal Geographical 

 Society, in which the vowels are pronounced as in Italian and the 

 consonants as in English. How loose the natives themselves are 

 in their pronunciation and how difficult it therefore is to decide 

 upon a correct spelling, only travellers are aware. 



The terms Polynesian, Micronesian and Melanesian have 

 such different values in the writings of different authors that it is 

 necessary to state that in subsequent pages they are used in the 

 meaning imposed upon them by Whitmee.f 



For a valuable contribution to this section I am again indebted 

 to the kindness of Surgeon F. W. Collingwood, R.N., late of H.M.S. 

 " Penguin." To the skilful pen and sympathetic courtesy of my 

 friend Mr. Norman Hardy, I owe the drawings of the native using 

 the coconut scraper and the man putting on his "tukai" dress. For 

 the remainder of the illustrations I am myself responsible. 



Any merit which the following descriptions of implements (essays 

 in an unfamiliar field of research) may possess, is due to the 

 advantage of a course of study of Australian weapons and imple- 

 ments, under Mr. R. Etheridge, Junr., whose advice and sugges- 

 tions have constantly aided me in the preparation of the present 

 paper. 



ANTHROPOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS. 



By the extreme courtesy of Surgeon F. W. Collingwood, R.N. 

 of H.M.S. " Penguin," whose observations enriched some of my 

 earlier pages I am enabled to incorporate in this article a series 

 of measurements of adult males. The plan of the measurements 

 is that recommended by Dr. John Beddoe, F.R.S., in the " Notes 

 and Queries on Anthropology for the use of Travellers and 

 Residents in Uncivilised Lands," 1874, which were drawn up by 

 a committee appointed by the British Association for the Advance- 

 ment of Science. I need hardly point out that the fact of these 

 measurements having been taken by an experienced medical officer 

 much enhances their value. 



The subject A was a native of Funafuti, aged 26, no wisdom 

 teeth, dentition otherwise perfect ; B, a native of Funafuti, aged 

 28, nose straight, slightly flat, lobe of the ear rudimentary, all 



* Haddon Nature, 28 Jan., 1897, p. 306. 



f Journ. Anthrop. Inst., viii., 1879, pp. 261 - 274, and map ; these 

 definitions have since been accepted by the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, 

 Stanford's Compendium of Geography, the Godeffroy Museum Catalogue, 

 and other standard works. 



