ETHNOLOGY HEDLEY. 



Another pounder (fig. 69) is eighteen inches long, 

 straight, tapering from two and a half inches at the 

 butt to half an inch at the opposite end. A pagoda- 

 shaped handle is formed by incised carving of the 

 final four inches. It is one pound ten ounces in 

 weight, and made, I think, of Pemphis timber. 



A third form is drawn at fig. 70. This, called 

 " tuki tuki," is club-shaped, two feet seven and a half 

 inches long. At one end the diameter is three and 

 three-quarter inches, at the other an inch and a half. 

 The weight amounts to five pounds eight ounces. 

 This form was used standing, but the lesser pestles 

 were used sitting. 



DRUM. Fig. 70. Fig. 69. 



Two radically distinct types of drum, each with numerous 

 variations, co-exist in the Pacific. The one which seems to attain 

 its greatest development in Papua is akin to the European drum, 

 consisting like it of a skin tympanum stretched on a wooden 

 cylinder. The other and ruder form is more characteristic of 

 Polynesia, it consists merely of a boat-shaped, hollow log, beaten 

 on the exterior. 



The drum, "batti," of Funafuti (fig. 71) 

 belongs to the latter division. Formerly it 

 was used at dances and festivals, now it 

 appears only to summon the worshippers to 

 church,* and the only specimens on the 

 island seemed to be those in the possession of Fig. 71. 



the Native Teacher. A well-worn example I 



obtained from him weighed four pounds four ounces, and measured 

 nineteen inches in greatest length, four and a half in depth, and 

 three and a half in width. The excavation is three and a half 

 inches deep, twelve long, and one and a half wide. The drum- 

 stick, " kouta," weighs four ounces, and is ten inches long, 

 and one thick. In another example, the drum was curved of 

 Thespesia and the stick of Pemphis wood. 



To call the people together to a trial or other public ceremony, 

 a shell trumpet of Cassis cornuta was blown. 



LANCETS. 



For bleeding, and for lancing boils, etc., the native surgeons 

 make use of shark's teeth set in wooden handles. I procured on 

 Nukulailai two old, worn and stained specimens, measuring seven 

 and a half and six inches, and weighing 3-55 and 3 -54 grammes 



* As in the Tokelau Islands, Lister loc. cit. 



