4 Transactions. 
and the Chatham Islands were the remnants of a large continent, formerly 
extending far to the east, which must have been connected in the Temperate 
Zone with South America, but there was no evidence of its having been 
connected with Australia during Tertiary times. The Jurassic flora he 
recognized as occurring also in Australia, while Deslongchamps (1864) 
ad shown that the Triassic fauna of New Zealand had representatives 
in that of New Caledonia. The “ Lower Carboniferous” beds appear 
* to have been common to Australia and New Zealand, and to have been 
deposited in both areas under the same physical conditions, and within 
a common biological province” (Hector). Haast (1879) repeated Hoch- 
stetter’s conception of the Southern Alps, held that the sedimentary rocks 
to the east of the gneissic core of this range were derived in Palaeozoic 
times from a large continent lying east of New Zealand, of which the 
Chatham Islands form a remnant, and agreed that New Zealand became 
a string of islands in Cretaceous and Tertiary times. Hector (1885), 
however, dissented from Hochstetter’s conception of the Southern Alps, 
and mapped them as synclinal, with a gneissic western margin, followe 
by Permian rocks on either side of a Mesozoic central zone. Hutton (1885) 
also concurred with Hochstetter’s interpretation of the structure of the 
New Zealand Alps, but, comparing the manganese-bearing bands in the 
Maitai system with modern deep-sea deposits, he was led to infer very 
deep depression during the Carboniferous period. He further noted the 
resemblance between the graptolites of Australia and New Zealand. 
Suess (1888) summarized in the following order the sequence of rock- 
formations observed in passing eastward from the desert of Western Aus- 
tralia, the depressed zone of Lake Eyre and Spencer Gulf, the Flinders, 
Mount Lofty, Barrier, and Grey Ranges, and the alternating members of 
the Australian cordillera. For a long distance the farther extension of the 
continent is now concealed by the sea, but beyond it, in New Zealand, the 
Mesozoic series is completed, and with this completion we reach the great 
ranges and at the same time a region of much more recent folding. “АП 
the chains from the Flinders to the Australian cordillera, including the 
longer of the two syntactic mountain-segments of New Zealand, must 
equally be regarded as constructed on a common plan.” 
_ Stephens (1889), from an Australian standpoint, made a second interest- 
ing correlation of Australian and New Zealand strata. The Australian 
here, the greywacke and fossiliferous Maitai limestone are grouped with 
he Permo-Carboniferous coal-measures and marine beds in Australia. 
— presence of Glossopteris, both of ic are no longer accepted. The 
: ; ector rightly considered Triassic, 
dud. ге nA = e Upper Clarence beds, wish di now known to be 
Rha etic’ Wiana а SAC dd Jurassie" Mataura series is grouped with the 
that the Tasman Sea EM e Sydney district. Stephens further held 
tralia and New Fait aaa : hroughout these epochs, that eastern Aus- 
bad ey es id were independent groups of islands, both united 
с | Dy emergence during Permo-Carboniferous times, and 
