Brenson.—Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Seas in Australasia. 35 
studied by Dr. Walkom, whose preliminary conclusions concerning north- 
eastern New South Wales have already been stated (1913). We shall 
not, therefore, anticipate further work, but shall briefly summarize our 
present knowledge of the region. 
The marine beds are grouped into a lower and an upper series, 
deposition having been interrupted by a regression, when lagoons. or 
“ inland s 
paratively shallow seas, and there are many indications that they were 
laid down between the Australian mainland and an eastern land-mass that 
is now submerged. 
The ice-sheet which had first gathered on the mainland in Middle 
Carboniferous times probably reached its maximum at the close of that 
period, and fluctuations of the ice-front during early Permian times seem 
to be indicated by the presence of unusually abundant erratics dropped 
from floating bergs, at several horizons in the marine rocks (see, e.g.. 
David, 19074). 
Crust-movement occurred during Permian times in north-eastern New 
South Wale southern Queensland. Dr. Walkom's (1913) palaeo- 
second marine invasion was divided, and the westerly portion of it trans- 
gressed considerably farther on to the continent than did the first marine 
transgression. is crust-movement was apparently a prelude to the 
01 e exte 8 
The details of the distribution of the “ Upper and Lower Marine" 
Australia, and we find that the land-masses of “ Tasmantis " had become 
ited to the Australian continent by the commencement of Triassic times. 
As noted above, the discovery of Glossopteris indica near the South Pole 
Permo-Carboniferous Gondwanaland, and affords us the first intimation, since 
geosyncline on to the continental massif to the east, the only account of 
these rocks accessible to the writer is that of Douglas (1914), who deter- 
mined fourteen species from South Peru and Bolivia, most of which “ appear 
to belong to an Upper Carboniferous or Permo-Carboniferous fauna showing 
affinities with types . . . from the Urals, while a few seem more nearly 
Q* 
