38 Transactions. 
and the Triassic fossils; and Park (1921) has revived Hutton’s view that 
this was a period of great orogeny and intrusion of plutonic rocks, 
including among them the diorite-gneisses and associated plutonic rocks 
of south-western New Zealand and the peridotites, &c., of 
New Caledonia a regression of the sea in Middle Triassic times is indicated 
(Piroutet, 1917). 
The relationships of New Zealand and New Caledonia during the 
Triassic period are of great interest. While Terebellina (?) mackayi, with 
Lower Triassic forms such as Pseudomonotis ай. painkhandana, Ophiceras, 
ably on the Permian sediments (Brouwer, 1919). These are also repre- 
sented to some extent in eastern Asia, whence they apparently migrated into 
California, since the community of character of the forms on either side 
of the Pacific was very marked in Lower Triassic times, indicating an 
intimate connection of the two regions, which became interrupted during 
the crust-movements of Middle Triassic times (Smith, 1904). e see, 
therefore, that the extension of the Tethyan coast to New Caledonia, but 
not to New Zealand, was a feature of Lower Triassic as well as of Permian 
times. Regression occurred during Middle Triassic times. Beds of this age 
are absent from Sumatra (Volz, 1899) and Rotti, but are present in Timor 
containing a neritic cephalopod fauna more like that of the Alpine than 
the Asiatic Tethys (Brouwer, 1919), and in New Caledonia are represented 
by an incomplete series on the western slopes containing Daonella arctica 
(a Siberian form); but on the east Upper Triassic rests directly on Lower 
Triassic (Piroutet, 1917). The crust-movements which occurred at this 
time in New Caledonia, and probably in New Zealand, joined the two 
lands so intimately that in Upper Triassic times they formed a well- 
marked province in the south-eastern extremity of the Tethys. This, 
Wilckens (1920) suggests, may be termed the Maorian province. It 
possesses features distinguishing it from the Himalayan and Malayan 
fauna (with which, nevertheless, it has much in common) ; and, moreover, 
the fauna is not yet known in New Guinea, so that Walkom’s suggestion 
(1918) that a northward extension of Australia projected into Malaysia— 
which would prevent the free south-eastward migration of the Tethyan 
fauna—accords well with the conclusions we have formed concerning earlier 
epochs. Nevertheless, the Upper Triassic transgression was felt through- 
out the whole region considered. Volz (1899) found Upper Triassic forms 
resting directly on the Permian sediments in Sumatra. In Timor and 
tti, Carnic forms (Daonella and Halobia) and Noric (Pseudomonotis 
ochotica) are present (Wanner, 1907) ; and other islands of the archipelago 
—Misol, Ceram, &c.—show also a development of Upper.Triassic marine 
