50 Transactions. 
Upper Cretaceous. 
As in New Zealand, so in the Malay Archipelago, the sea retreated early 
in the Cretaceous period and great orogeny followed, accompanied by the 
widespread intrusion of masses of peridotite, gabbro, and perhaps less 
Th 
basic rocks. e last remnant of the Tethyan sea was driven out from 
than that of Middle Cretaceous times. Though Van Es (1919) refers 
merely to the presence of basal Cretaceous rocks in Sumatra, Gregory (1916) 
but more noteworthy are the richly fossiliferous Senonian (Ariyalür) beds 
of south-eastern Borneo, in which occur the rudistid Radiolites with 
Ostrea, Trigonia, Nerinea, Strombus, Nautilus trinchinopolitensis, Acanthoceras, 
Scaphites, and a few brachiopods. In Celebes the Upper Cretaceous beds, 
which apparently merge into the Tertiary, are known as the “ Maroro 
formation." They consist of a generally unfossiliferous series of violet, 
grey-blue, yellow, or brown claystones, which are intensely folded and 
invaded by granite and other plutonie rock, by which they have been much 
metamorphosed. These are rather widespread on the west of the island, 
Cenomanian, but are also in the Upper Cretaceous series of the Alps, Gosau 
beds, and have allies in the Upper Cretaceous series of India), associated 
with indeterminate forms of Protocardium, Venus, Tapes, Psammosolen, 
Ostrea, and Cypraea, and with the foraminifera that appear to have 
Tertiary (Oligocene-Miocene) affinities. Richarz concludes that the whole 
series is of Upper Cretaceous age, but that it is a curiously provincia 
fauna, and in particular is unrelated to that in the south of New Guinea. 
Gregory and Trench (1916) have described the Upper Cretaceous (?) coral 
usi ^ ; : 
ctinacis aensis from a limestone pebble obtained high up the Fly 
River with numerous others containing Eocene forms r east, near 
formity on the Eo-Cretaceous coal-measures. They contain Acanthoceras 
and Douvilleiceras, with Kossmaticeras loganianum and K. cumshevaense. 
_ Which are found in the Middle Cretaceous rocks of Queen Charlotte 
oe Island (British Columbia). The last two forms are, however, also found 
