92 Transactions. 
Peak Range, is a series of hanging valleys of the initial, simple type, so 
perfect in arrangement and in features that they might almost be sketches 
in a text-book ; in fact, the well-known diagram by Davis, so often cited 
in this connection, might serve as an illustration of them. І have, 
unfortunately, no photograph of them. Farther up the Clyde are other 
valleys of the more developed type seen on the Havelock. I had a better 
opportunity, however, for examining closely those occurring up the Law- . 
rence Valley. This is a most remarkable valley for showing the remains 
of glaciation in their most perfect form. Old terminal moraines formin 
From six to nine miles above the junction of the Lawrence with the 
Clyde occur three of these hanging valleys in perfect state of development 
(Plate 9, figs. 1, 2), discharging into the main valley by waterfalls. 
These valleys are of the well-matured type. Associated with them are 
hollows similar to those in the Havelock. The series is, however, more 
complete, so that every stage occurs between the incipient shell-shaped 
depression and the maturely developed hanging valley ; and the associa- 
tion seems strongly to suggest that the same causes operating now wi 
in process of time produce the matured hanging valley from these hollows, 
i 
wackes, of texture varying between the coarse-grained type and the fine 
black slaty variety. Owing to the proximity of the area to the Mount 
Potts fossil-beds in Rocky and Tank gullies, the matrix of which is 
similar to the rocks encountered at the head of the main river, it must be 
concluded, tentatively at all events, that the strata are of the same Trias- 
Jura age. The submetamorphic character of the strata appears more 
pronounced towards the west—that is, towards the main divide at the 
head of the Havelock and Clyde rivers—and also towards the proximal 
end E the Two Thumb Range in the neighbourhood of Mount d'Archiac. 
e 
The geological history of the area is analogous to that of other parts 
of the Southern Alps—viz., that after a long-continued period of sedi- 
mentation during Mesozoic times the beds were folded up into a mountain- 
chain of a somewhat simple Alpine type; this was reduced to a peneplain 
which during its elevation and subsequently was exposed to vigorous 
stream and glacier erosion. The original streams which established them- 
selves on the surface appear to have been consequent, with general 
