110 Transactions. 
Besides these were several unidentifiable fragments, a few Balanus 
lates and echinoderm spines, very numerous specimens of Flabellum 
laticostatum T.-Woods, and a single Hemithyris species, too much worn 
to be specifically identified, but very similar to H. nigricans (Sow.). No 
traces were found of other brachiopods, though careful search was made. 
ver 140 specimens were examined, yielding forty-one species. Twenty- 
five of these are lamellibranchs, a percentage of 61. This predominance 
of lamellibranchs shows that the conditions of deposition were somewhat 
akin to those of some of the Trelissick beds, which contain a very similar 
fauna (Speight, 1917, pp. 352-55). In view of the correlations made later 
in this paper, it may be useful to quote Marshall’s words, used in connec- 
tion with the relative poverty in gasteropods often noticed in the New 
Zealand Tertiary beds: “So far as observations have gone up to the 
present time, this striking difference does not appear to be due to the 
depth of the water or any other of the ordinary conditions that control 
the deposition of sediment " (Marshall and Murdoch, 1920, p. 128). The 
absence of small gasteropods may be due to bad preservation, or, as shown 
by the limestone, the prevailing muddiness of the sea-bottom. 
: As regards relative abundance of species, most of them are sporadic 
in occurrence, but Limopsis zealandica Hutt. and Flabellum laticostatum 
-Woods are extremely plentiful. This last point is interesting in view 
of the fact that the Dowling Bay limestone is the probable equivalent of 
the Sandymount limestone on the other side of the harbour, which was 
included by Marshall (1916, pp. 93, 96) in his “ younger limestones of New 
Zealand." The non-occurrence of Flabellum, &c., in these limestones is 
drawn attention to, so it appears that in this respect the Dowling Bay beds 
are exceptional. A curious point is the complete absence so far of the Toxo- _ 
ossa—T'urris, Surcula, Drillia, Terebra, &c., being generally plentiful in the 
Oamaruian. Here again the fauna agrees closely with that of the Trelissick 
beds, this absence being commented on by Speight (1917, p. 356). A con- 
sideration of the habitats of the Mollusca enumerated leads to the conclusion 
that the beds were deposited probably at a depth of about 50 fathoms, and 
this is in accordance with the impure sandy character of the limestone. 
There are only three species in the above list peculiar to the locality.* 
Omitting forms doubtfully identified, also Pecten ci. hilli Hutt. and Veneri- 
cardia ponderosa Sut., the horizons of which are not definitely known, it can 
be shown, by using Thomson’s method of implication, that the percentage 
of records in the various stages is as follows :— 
Recorded from Column. Percentage. 
Wangaloa and Hampden fauna | 22 
Upper Hutchinsonian of Park 
Ardgowan "shell-bed"  .. 
Target Gully “ shell-bed " .. 
Kawa Creek beds n 
Waitotaran stage 
Castlecliffian stage 
41 
53 
53 
88 
72 
59 
88 
50 
50 
31 
Recent species 30 
RED AO оне єз Бо 
__* Since the above was written the author has found Limopsis producta n. 8р. also 
at Target Gully, and fragments of the same Cymatium sp. “ Target Gully and Po : 
9 that only one inus macrotegens n. sp., now remains peculiar to | 
í species, Fusin eri 
- This strongly supports the correlations here 
