TiLLYARD.—Psocoptera, or Copeognatha, of New Zealand. 171 
by the insects to cut away pieces of the mycelia of fungi, or to gouge out 
small portions of the bark of trees. The rest of the maxilla is not remarkable, 
the galea being normal and the palp four-jointed. e opharynx is 
trilobed. The labium is very short, with paired inner lobes and single- 
jointed palps. 
s regards the thorax, the prothorax is small and very little developed 
in most of the winged forms, though it may be of comparatively large size 
in some of the small wingless forms. The mesothorax is nearly always 
the largest segment. The mesonotum is divided by sutures into a triangular 
anteriorly-placed piece, called the “ antedorsum," a large middle piece, 
alled the “ dorsum," divided into two parts by a median longitudinal 
suture, and a posteriorly-placed post-dorsum, which carries the scutellum 
in its middle, and two narrow crests laterally, known as the “ cristae 
scutelli.” The metathorax is similar in structure to the mesothorax, but 
much smaller. 
The legs show little specialization. The tibia usually carries one or two 
very small apical movable spurs. . The tarsi are either two- or three-jointed, 
the basal joint often carrying a complex comb (text-figs. 2, b,.c,;. 13, D), 
while the distal joint ends in two claws and an empodium. 
The wings are held in a roof-like manner over the body. Because of 
the general shape of the insect, its appearance, viewed from above when 
distally, Se stopping short first, and forming the basal boundary of the 
i while runs on, 
pterostigma, Normally the pterostigma is much enlarged distally, owing 
to the waviness of R, forming a distal convexity. Rs comes o fro R 
near the middle of the wing, and often fuses at a point, or for a short distance, 
with M before passing on to divide into its two end branches, R2,5 and 
145. M descends from R close to the base, and at once fuses with Cu, 
very close to the point of origin of that vein from the main stem of Cu. 
This fusion continues nearly to the level of the origin of Rs, and then M and 
Cu, diverge sharply, the former running io touch or join Rs, while the 
latter descends obliquely towards the posterior wing-margin. Distally, 
ind. fodit a more or less well-marked cubital loop, enclosing à special area 
known as the “areola postica." This loop sometimes becomes connected 
fuse with it for a greater or less 
will appear as if it were an extra branch of M. 
