Trttyarp.—Psocoptera, or Copeognatha, of New Zealand. 187 
females. When the forewings are fuscous the pterostigma remains brown, 
and so shows up very clearly, especially in the males. This brown colour 
really overlaps the actual pterostigmatic area, as shown in text-fig. 2, where 
the boundary of the brown colour is shown by the dotted line, lying outside 
the greatly bent posterior border of the stigma. In the forewing, vein Se 
remains separate from R,, running close above it up to the base of the 
stigma. In the hindwing, Sc is vestigial. In the forewings of most 
specimens M just touches Rs at one point and the top of the cubital loop 
at another; occasionally one may find a specimen in which contact just 
fails in one or both cases, and sometimes there is fusion for a very short 
distance. The basal tarsal joint is very long, and carries along its inferior 
border a complicated comb (text-fig. 2, b). formed from about 30 closely 
set teeth, each tooth being of the form shown in text-fig. 2, c. The 
second tarsal joint is exceedingly short, the third about twice as long as 
the second. | 
Habitat —All parts of New Zealand; frequently very common. Near 
Hamilton I found many colonies of the larvae, at the end of March, 1921, 
clustering under the dry bark of large trees of kahikatea (white-pine). 
They were easily reared by keeping them on pieces of bark in dry tubes 
closed with cotton-wool. It is very interesting to watch both larvae and 
imagines feeding on the dry bark by gouging it out with their maxillary 
chisels, which can be seen at work, projecting far beyond the mouth. 
mos 
cubital loop for a short distance, in the forewing. In both species the 
male carries à pair of hooked terminal appendages, those of M. australis 
Family CAECILIIDAE. 
Antennae rather stoutly built, with 13 joints. Ocelli present, close 
together. Maxillary palpi four-jointed, the last joint of normal elongate- 
oval shape. Тагѕі with only 2 joints (text-fig. 13, b), the basal being the 
longer, and often more than twice as long as the distal. Venation of normal 
type, the forewing with Cu, and 1A ending together.  Cubital loop of 
forewing either absent, or, if present, then not touching M above it, and 
not connected with M in any manner. 
This family, which is abundantly represented in most parts of the 
earth, is usually divided into numerous subfamilies, only two of which are 
to be found in New Zealand. These may be separated as follows :— 
Cubital loop of forewing present cs ee .. Subfamily CAECILIINAE. 
Cubital loop of forewing absent "A e .. Subfamily PERIPSOCINAE. 
Subfamily CAECILIINAE. 
To the characters given above should be added the following: Ptero- 
stigma not connected with Rs by a cross-vein, but either entirely free or 
at most with a stump-vein depending from its posterior border. Rs and 
M in forewing fused together for a short distance, as also in hindwing. 
