268 Transactions. 
the genus Tipula, which is so abundantly represented in the Northern 
Hemisphere, as well as in South America, though it is absent from 
Australia; also of the genus Eriocera, so abundant in the Oriental and 
Neotropical regions. Other groups which, so far as our present knowledge 
goes, appear to be absent from New Zealand are the Ptychopteridae, the 
Mycetobiinae, the Cylindrotomini, the Pediciini, the Ctenophorini, and such 
widely distributed genera as Limnobia, Rhipidia, rioptera, and Nephrotoma. 
Some of these gaps will doubtless be filled in time. 
Apart from the Tanyderidae, which seem to be more strongly repre- 
sented here than in any other region, the number of highly archaic forms 
in these families is not very great. The representatives of the Limnophilini 
and the Tipulinae, however, are clearly of an early type, and less advanced 
than the majority of the species of these groups in the rest of the world 
(Australia excepted). The genus Cerozodia is of special interest, as it appears 
to form a connecting-link between the Limnobiinae and the Tipulinae. 
So far as can be ascertained at present, almost every species is endemic. 
are also endemic, so far as our present knowledge goes. 
In regard to relationship with other faunas, the crane-flies give much 
the same indications as would be expected, in view of our knowledge of 
other groups of animals. The strongest resemblance is naturally to the 
Australian fauna, as indicated by the species of Molophilus and the genera 
Amphineurus, Gynoplistia, and Cerozodia, as well as by Limnophila sub- 
interventa and some other species of this genus. Certain groups are common 
6 Australia, New Zealand, and South America, such as Orolimnophila, 
Australasia ; these are the Tanyderus, Holorusia, and perhaps the Nemo- 
palpus. Yet other forms seem to show definitely Holarctic relationships— 
Dicranomyia vicarians, the genus Discobola (especially 
D. tesselata), Elephantomyia zealandica, and Longurio duz. There do not 
A point which deserves special mention is that, of the 160 species now 
known, only nineteen are definitely known from both North and South 
Islands, while of the remainder over seventy are recorded only from North 
Island and about forty only from South Island. A considerable number 
and the small number of individuals of most species which have been 
collected, but there can be very little doubt that there is a strong line 
of demarcation. 
A very interesting feature of the fauna is the number of species which 
аге semiapterous in the female sex-—a number which is probably greater 
than would appear from this paper, since so many species are known from 
А New Zealand specimen was id. tified z AE ‘lipes 
in 1886.—G. V. H. = entified by Osten-Sacken as Trimicra pilip 
