402 Transactions. 
separated. Three minutes later the male darted at the female and seized 
her, using the ungues and the anal forceps. A struggle ensued, during 
which the female was forced partly under the surface. Copula was again 
established, and it lasted for seven minutes. After separation had taken 
place, and within five minutes of it, a fresh connection was established, 
with the like preliminary struggle. This lasted for five minutes. On both 
occasions the normal end-to-end position was assumed, both standing on 
the water. Five minutes after separation the male again seized the female 
and established connection, which he immediately broke off. I have placed 
the female in a separate jar to note whether eggs are deposited. (None 
were deposited). On the next day the male was quite ready to repeat 
the above performances with another female. er keeping him under 
таи for a day or two I thought the proper thing to do was to 
im 
Another exceptional case was the following : On the 1st October I saw a 
male that had been darting about actively in a mating-tank pounce upon 
a female that was resting on the surface and effect immediate connection, 
apparently with no great difficulty. He ran straight forward, as if he h 
seized a pupa. The effect was to turn the female back downwards in the 
water, and by the time the resting-stone was reached her wings were 
thoroughly draggled. I removed them to a phial, and they separated five 
. and a half minutes after the capture. The female could not clear her wings. 
Later I placed her upon a piece of blotting-paper, but she did not recover. 
During copula the forceps of the male could not, on account of the unusual 
position, grip the last segment of the abdomen of the female, as in the normal 
position, but nearly met below it. Yet the dragging of her body through 
the water, and the subsequent struggle during the isolation of the couple, 
did not cause separation. During two summers I have often watched the 
mosquito-pools, and have never witnessed the capture of an imago, and, 
except for the case last noted, this is the only case I have witnessed in the 
laboratory. 
; Although the pupa may be seized by the frontal ridge or crest, the slit 
is made by the male just to one side of it, usually the left. But when a 
pupa emerges unaided, whether it be male or female, the puparium opens 
along the crest. 
the males sometimes discriminate and partly because the immature pupae - 
Neither male nor female pupa has the least difficulty in -quitting 
f . ч 7; б 
be seen folded close to the body. By the straightening and expansion 
of the legs as they became more exposed to the air the head and thorax 
were steadily pushed, as it were, upwards. Presently the first pair of legs 
