Myers.—New Zealand Leaf-hoppers and Plant-hoppers. 421 
being taken from the net. The species frequenting ground-herbage and 
nd then 
does, has its disadvantages, but, on the other hand, much more can be 
observed of the habits of the insects than in the random processes of beat- 
ing and sweeping. In swampy country, with pools of water, many leaf- 
hoppers are to be found hopping on the surface of the water, on to which 
they have come from their adjacent host-plants, and many more can be 
sent to join them by shaking and kicking the herbage surrounding the 
water, from which the insects are collected with comparative ease. It 
is of the utmost importance that records of the food-plants be kept 
wherever possible. 
For killing Typhlocybines and all other leaf-hoppers a cyanide-bottle 
„ . 
or small tube, with a smaller tube or quill through the cork, in coleopterist 
another and suffer irreparable damage. If the cyanide-bottle has been 
prepared by the plaster-of-paris method, practically no care will maintain 
a perfectly dry interior. Pieces of dry potassium cyanide should be placed 
in the bottom of a tube, covered by several layers of blotting-paper, and 
then by a tightly-fitting cork, slightly perforated to allow the fumes to 
pass. Above this cork, which should be forced tightly down on the cyanide, 
place a piece of blotting-paper and a little crumpled tissue-paper. Several 
such tubes should be at hand, and if they are kept only for leaf-hoppers 
no moisture will collect in them. 
Except in the case of such economically important species as the apple 
leaf-hopper (Empoasca mali Le Baron), the rose leaf-hopper (Typhlocyba 
rosae Linn.) and the grape leaf-hopper (Erythroneura comes Say) the 
biology of the Typhlocybinae is but little known. The first of the above- 
mentioned species, the American apple leaf-hopper, not only inflicts serious 
damage on the foliage of apple, potato, bean, and lucerne, but also actually 
nsmits two diseases, fireblight (Bacillus amylovorus) of pomaceous fruit- 
trees and hopper-burn of potatoes. Even in the cold winters of North 
merica, specimens of the apple leaf-hopper frequently winter in the adult 
state. In New Zealand, specimens of Erythroneur dica n. sp. have 
been taken after midwinter, and, considering our milder climate, it is quite 
possible that many of our species are carried over the winter as imagines. 
e evergreen nature of our bush would help such species as find their 
host-plant there. 
New Zealand we have one species ranking as a serious apple pest, 
and probably as a carrier of fireblight; another of very wide occurrence 
