488 ‘ Transactions. 
comes to lie against upper epidermis. Occasionally, however, a mine may 
be found altogether on under-surface of leaf. Towards end of third stadium 
larva forsakes upper side of leaf for lower, and finally pupates within 
slightly expanded terminal part of mine, the anterior respiratory processes. 
being thrust through lower cuticle to exterior. Pupation seldom takes 
place on upper side of leaf. Light appears to govern to a great extent the 
choice of position for pupation ; in instances where leaves were placed in 
the dark the larvae pupated on whatever side of leaf they happened to be — 
mining at the time, whereas in leaves kept in the light the larvae pupated 
on the side farthest from source of light. Colour of mine white, very con- 
spicuous.  Frass black, granular, scanty; granules deposited in a thin 
interrupted line along one or other side of floor of gallery. Total length - 
of mine averages 15-20 cm., the last 12 cm. or so being constructed during 
third (final) stadium. Individual leaves may contain eight to ten or more 
larvae, but these avoid each other as far as possible. | 
The Pupa. (Figs. 17, 18.) 
Pupa somewhat elongated ; 
tending to be slightly produced caudad in mid-ventral region, each, except- 
ing the four anterior ones, possessing ventrally two short shallow transverse 
these — 
latter are short and stout, knobbed, and relatively far apart. pon 
processes thrust through cuticle to exterior. Colour of pupa pale amber 2 
brown dorsally, darker ventrally, with broad dark mid-ventral варе = 
extending whole length; anterior processes rich brown, paler at tipsi 
posterior processes black-tipped. ae 
Average dimensions: Length, 2-45 mm. ; greatest ventro-dorsal p gis 
meter, 0-83 mm.; greatest transverse diameter, 1 mm.; length of ventral - 
head-plate, 0-5 mm. hirteen — 
tion of pupal existence under normal conditions, twelve to thue" — 
days. Dehiscence as in P. clematadi. und 
Agromyza australensis Mik. ees 2 : 
A, australensis Mik., Verh. z.-b. Wien, xxxi, p. 202, pl. xiii, fig. 15, 
1881; Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 33, p. 93, 1901. pe^ 
“ Greyish-brown ; the abdomen, in some ligh in y; mae” 
: 4 , ghts, luminous grey » ^ | 
and hind legs pale-tawny. (The fore legs missing.) Posterior crossi 
about twice its length from the chief cross-vein, and about one and & E 
times its length from the margin. Ee 
„ Length, 1? mm. ; wing, 2 mm. 
Hab.—Auckland Islands (Dr. Krone),” 
