496 Transactions. 
Art. 36.—Marine Littoral Plant and Animal Communities in New 
Zealand 
By W. R. B. Otiver, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Dominion Museum, Wellington. - 
[Read before the Wellington Philosophical Society, 30th September, 1921; received by 
Editor, 16th November, 1921; issued separately, 18th May, 1923.] 
Plates 42-50. 
CONTENTS. 
Page 3 
I. The Littoral Belt AE у: Z <4, .. 496 oe 
Ocean Currents ge v y > .. 499 532 
Sea-temperature x Vs S: E .. 500 
Tides v $ ‘a UN vs .. 002 
IL Ecological Relations .. A i бы .. 502 
Light—Quantity, Quality — .. Sd i .. 9002 
Evaporation Y A ; Ае. .. 504 
Sea-water—Buoyancy, Acidity 508 
Edaphic Factors—Rock, Sand, Mud A 2. 809 iu. 
Movement of Water m s 2s b ET 
Organie En en T D = .. 614 
ПІ. Biotic Communities in the Littoral Belt .. ¥% Broce? | 
Formations Ax = мл En ERG 
Classification x zs 7а - 1e DIN 
Large-brown-algae Formation = ss .. 518 
Small-emerging-algae Formation vs vu .. 523 
Coriaceous-coated-animals Formation ., с .. 528 2 
Shelled-animals Formation... 2: ся .. 530 
Burrowing-animals Formation 23 n .. 538 
Grass-wrack ation { 
Salt-reed-swamp Formation 543 : 
Mangrove Formati 544 5 
IV. Litera Mh is s = 2 e| 544 me 
V. Conclusion .. am Ms a Ss .. 545 GNU 
L THE LITTORAL BELT. 
FROM an ecological standpoint the dividing-lin bet nd land is = 
ү 8 : g-line between sea a | со 
high-tide mark, which usually sharply defines the limits of terrestrial and. TE 
vet gi авзосіаіей with the lichen Xanthoria pa ietina and the gl 
wort Salicornia australis. In the south M. cincta as well occurs 4 
