OrivER.— Marine Littoral Plant and Animal Communities. 523 
lucida, Zonaria Turneriana, Caulerpa sedoides, Stypocaulon paniculatum, 
Glossophora Harveyi, and others. 
mber of molluses and other animals are found in this association. 
In most cases the molluscan shells are covered with Melobesia. Common 
species are Haliotis iris, H. australis, Turbo smaragdus, Patelloida stella 
corticata, Sypharochiton sinclairi, Cantharidus oliveri, Stichaster australis, and 
Asterias scabra. Less abundant are Cellana stellifera, Radiacmea rubiginosa, 
Plaxiphora biramosa, and Neothais succincta. Eupagurus novae-zealandiae, 
in company with Crepidula crepidula, inhabits disused gasteropod shells. 
Xiphophora Association. 
no 
which doubtless render it a little buoyant. The cortex is dense, and 
s wl 
medulla are three kinds of cells—isodiametric ; cells joined in pairs with 
the plastids collected at the ends and the cells thin at the point of junc- 
y 
its head to a level with the brown algae. Underneath the X?phophora, 
however, is a rich and varied assemblage of organisms. The lower parts 
Melobesia, Calliostoma punctulatum, Cryptoconchus porosus, Patiriella, regu- 
laris, Monodonta coracina, Paramithraz, and Diplocrepis puniceus. Under 
stones many more kinds occur—Ophionereis schayeri, Onithochiton neglectus, 
Euthria linea, hermit and other crabs, worms and other invertebrates. 
SMALL-EMERGING-ALGAE FORMATION. 
i : idi tains watery jelly, and has besides, over 
a a шерине diues and Caulacanthus possess 
f 
outer tissue of small thick-walled cells; Porphyra and Ulva: are covered 
of 
dried thallus. Structures concern 
