) 
534 - Transactions. 
plicatus. lt grows in masses on all the ridges of the irregular rock- 
surface, avoiding little holes where water can lie; it also avoids the 
Various small animals are found on the Elminius shells—Chamaesipho 
columna, Sypharochiton | pellisserpentis, Plaxiphora caelata, small Ostrea 
cucullata, and Cellana ornata; also a small black alga. There are very 
few animals on the rock-surface among the Elminius. Cellana ornata, 
is frequently larger than the mussel which supports it. (Plate 42, fig. 4.) 
Mytilus planulatus occurs in large patches of closely packed shells, which, 
as just stated, support clusters of Elminius plicatus, as well as large 
numbers of Notoacmea parviconoidea, and fewer of Lepsiella scobina. Asso- 
ciated with Elminius plicatus on the rocks are Cellama radians, Lepsiella 
scobina, Notoacmea parviconoidea, and Monodonta aethops. ong the 
lower edge are found in addition Mytilus canaliculatus, Brachyodontes 
maorianus, Sypharochiton sinclairi, Neothais striata, and Scalpellum villosum. 
Elminius modestus Association. 
of species. Elminius modestus is still dominant, but there also occurs 
plentifully a larger species, E. plicatus ; also Mytilus planulatus, Brachyo- 
dontes maorianus, and Cellana ornata. Patches of Bostrychia arbuscula 
extend into this association. Other molluscs occurring on the rocks are 
Sypharochiton pellisserpentis, Plaxiphora terminalis, Siphonaria zealandica, 
and Lepsiella scobina. 
A large assemblage of animals found under stones should perhaps be 
referred to a separate association, since, though some are animals of the 
Elminius association merely sheltering, others are permanent residents, 
not exposing themselves to the drying conditions of the upper surface 
of the rock. ides numerous sponges, tunicates, polyzoa, and sipun- 
culids, there are the following molluscs, echinoderms, and worms : Huet 
linea (varying in one direction to E. flavescens and in another to Ё. vittata), 
Neothais lacunosa squamatus, Monodonta lugubris, M. atrovirens, Sazwava 
arctica, Nucula nitidula, Paphia intermedia, Onithochiton negelctus, P atiriella 
regularis, Stichaster polyplaz, Atalacmea unguis-almae, Eulalia microphylla, 
Nicolea gracilibranchis, and Physcosoma scolops. ; 
