218 Transactions.— Zoology. 
When, as often happens, a leaf or a twig is covered with individuals 
belonging to two or three different species, it is not always easy to distin- 
guish between them. If practicable, the males should be hatched out from 
their puparia: but in the great majority of cases this cannot well be done. 
It is still more difficult, if not impossible, to follow out and watch the 
development of the females, a process requiring a regular supply of food 
during many months. 
2nd Group.—LECANIDA. 
(Trans., vol. xi., p. 203.) 
Subsection Lecanto-D1asPIDE. 
(Trans., vol. xi., p. 207.) 
1st Genus, Ctenochiton, mihi. 
(Trans., vol. xi., p. 208.) 
1. Ctenochiton spinosus, mihi. 
(Trans., vol. xi., p. 212.) 
The young insects, which may be found beneath the mother in autumn 
in great numbers, show the marginal spines very prominently. The 
abdominal lobes are comparatively large, and if it were not for other circum- 
stances, I should be almost inclined to consider the species as allied some- 
what to Kermes, a genus in which the young insect has the anal tubercles of 
the Coccide, whilst the adult has the lobes of Lecanium. The antenna of 
the young C. spinosus have five joints. The upper digitules are long fine 
hairs: I cannot make out the lower pair. The body is convex above, flat 
beneath: colour red: length about =, inch. 
The peculiarly fringed test of this species is not easily made out on the 
adult female ; indeed it is easy to mistake the insect then for one of the 
semi-globular naked Lecaniex. 
2. Ctenochiton piperis, sp. NOV. 
Figs. 5-8. 
Young insect of generally normal form of Lecanide, but the edges have 
a great number of minute wrinkles, giving them a crenate appearance - the 
crenations are very apparent on the cephalic portion. The antenn® are 
somewhat thick, with six joints; on the last joint some hairs. Feet 
normal ; upper digitules long, fine; lower pair somewhat broader. The 
usual sete on the abdominal lobes. at 
In the next stage the form generally resembles that of C. perforatus, DU 
the cephalic end is narrower (fig. 5), giving a roughly triangular ae 
The edge has the wavy appearance spoken of in Trans., vol. xi., P- : 
Stigmatic spines somewhat stout: there are a few minute spines 0 af 
edge. Antenne rather thick, 6-jointed: on the last joint several hairs 
Feet normal of the genus. From the abdominal lobes two set. +° 
begins to be apparent in this stage as in C. perforatus: it is Waxy and very 
