228 Transactions.— Zoology. 
I append figures (figs. 27, 28, 29) of the male and its organs, to illustrate 
the description given in vol. xii., p. 297. 
The tests of this second stage were found by me very common on 
Muhlenbeckia, growing amongst the rocks on the Sumner road, Lyttelton, 
chiefly on the roots and the underground portions of the stems. Often a 
stem was covered with hundreds of the waxy shells, some of them as large 
as a small marble. I have since found them on various trees in the forests, 
where the adult form of Calostoma may be commonly found in late summer 
crawling about the pines and other trees. In February and the beginning 
of March it is not uncommon to find a female almost covered by a cluster 
of the large males, which present an elegant appearance with their purple 
bodies and blue wings with red nervures. This is certainly the largest 
Coccid known to me, and I think it not unlikely to be the one mentioned by 
Westwood (Int. to Mod. Class. of Ins., vol. ii., p. 450), as sent to him from 
New Holland :— A gigantic female, which has much the appearance and 
size of a full grown larva of dstrus bovis.” 
' I know of no species undergoing transformations like those of Calostoma. 
In many species the young insect is free and the later stages torpid, whether 
naked or enclosed in tests. But theretis usually some indication, at least, in 
the second stage of the appearance of the adult insect. Thus, in the — 
pide, the legs and antenne gradually disappear, the test or puparum 
increasing with age. In Ctenochiton the test makes its appearance early but 
preserves the same general character to the last stage. In Icery4 the 
growth of the cotton is progressive, and the various distinguishing marks can 
be traced throughout the life of the insect. But in Celostoma the changes at? 
almost radical. The young insect, hatched in soft white cotton, secretes a 
white, scanty and thin, meal: in the next stage it secretes a very thick, 
hard wax ; and again in its adult state it secretes meal which gradually 
produces a close web of white cotton. The young insect is free and active: 
the second stage is torpid, enclosed, with atrophied limbs: the adult again 
is active and free until gestation. To be sure, there are characters found 
almost alike in all stages. Thus, the spinneret orifices are much the same 
all through, with the exception of those round the anal orifice in the secoP , 
stage, which may perhaps be those specially used for secreting the wax. 
And the organ which I have called the oviduct may be traced through all 
the stages, from the newly hatched young to the old female: with the excep: 
tion, however, of the second stage of the male, which nearly resembles the 
adult female, but has antenne of nine joints, no “ oviduct,” and only very 
few spinnerets. 3 
It appears to me clear that Celostoma, with all the characters which I 
have described, is certainly new, 
