Hurtton.—On the Geographical Relations of the N.Z. Fauna. 243 
are in the Indian Archipelago, and it ranges west to Madagascar, east to 
Mexico and the West Indies, north to Japan, and south to New Zealand, but 
is not found in Africa. The nearest ally of our species (Æ. gobioides) is 
E. obscura from Japan and China. 
The evidence, therefore, to be derived from the fresh-water fish goes to 
prove that a close connection has existed between Australia, New Zealand, 
and South America. The fact of two species of the same genus of grayling 
being found in Australia and New Zealand respectively, while South America 
is inhabited by a closely allied but distinct genus, indicates either that our 
connection with Australia was later than with South America, or that in the 
old continent New Zealand and Australia were inhabited by one, and South 
America by another species of the same family. The fresh-water fish also 
prove that our connection with the Chatham and Auckland Islands was much 
later than with Australia, The distribution of Anguilla latirostris, which is 
not found nearer than China,* adds its testimony to that of Lotella and 
Ditrema of a former connection with that part of the world not by way of 
Australia, and we shall find that this remarkable connection with China and 
the Indian Archipelago, thus dimly shadowed out by the fishes, gets stronger 
and stronger as we review the invertebrate animals. 
Mo..uvsca. 
Of the New Zealand Mollusca about 460 species are now known, of which 
about one-half are found nowhere else. They show, as might be expected, a 
marked affinity with Australia, but are still yery distinct. We miss Olivella, 
Vanikoro, Eutropia, Perna, Trigonia, and others; while Mitra, Columbella, 
Marginella, Natica, Scala, Conus, Cyprea, and Cardium are very feebly 
represented with us. On the other hand Australia does not possess Buccinum, 
and Fusus, Imperator, Purpura, Turritella and Pecten are much less developed 
than in New Zealand. As, however, the affinity is decided I shall here limit 
myself to pointing out our connection with other countries. 
Of Cephalopoda we possess eleven species, only two of which are peculiar 
to New Zealand. Onychoteuthis bartlingii, Ommastrephes sloani, Nautilus 
pompilius, and Argonauta nodosa, are all found in the Indian Ocean, and the 
two last in the Pacific also, but none of them in Australia. 
Of marine Gasteropods and Conchifera, omitting the marine air breathers, 
we have 330 species, about 160 of which are endemic. Of these Cyclina 
kroyeri, Mytilus magellanicus, and Anomia alectus are only found in South 
America, as also is the genus Solenella. Chione mesodesma is found at 
Valparaiso and the Philippine Islands, Barbatia pusilla in Peru and Australia, 
* Dr. Günther has lately described A. obscura, a closely allied species, from the Fiji 
Islands. 
