Hurron.—On the Geographical Relations of the N.Z. Fauna. 245 
only in North and South America, Europe, and Madeira; and our common 
slug (Milax antipodarum) belongs to a genus found only in Europe and the 
Island of Teneriffe, Testacella, of which we also possess a species, is only 
found in Europe and Teneriffe. 
Our former connection with Australia, however, is shown in the family of 
bitentaculate slugs (Janellide), a family which is found only in Australia and 
ew Zealand, and also in the marine air-breathing limpets (Siphonaria), 
three of our species being found in Australia and Tasmania, 
The land and fresh-water univalves therefore show a stronger affinity to 
Polynesia and the Philippine Islands, by way of New Caledonia, the New 
Hebrides, Solomon Islands and the Indian Archipelago, than they do to 
Australia, although the distribution of the genus Janella shows that land 
communication once existed with Australia also. To South Africa and South 
America they exhibit no special affinity. Like the birds and fishes they also 
show a slight anomalous affinity to Europe without any intermediate steps. 
From the Chatham Islands eighty-two species of Molluses are known, of 
which nine appear to be peculiar to those islands; the rest are all found in 
New Zealand, including Janella bitentaculata and: Siphonaria scutulata. 
I know of two shells only from the Auckland Islands (Patella iluminata 
and Vitrina zebra), both of which are endemic. 
MOLLUSCOIDA. 
Of Brachiopods we possess eight or nine species, of which two only 
(Kraussia lamarkiana and Magas cumingi) are found in Australia, the latter 
being also reported to occur in China. The genus Rhynchonella is only known 
living in the arctic portions of North America and Japan, but this anomaly is 
not surprising when we remember that this genus existed during the Lower 
Silurian Period, but it is interesting as affording us the clue by which other 
similar anomalies may be explained. 
The New Zealand Tunicata are as yet but little known. The genera 
Ascidia, Boltenia, and Botryllus, are only found in Europe and North America, 
Dolivolum denticulatum is found at the Molucca Islands. 
Of the Polyzoa I am acquainted with eighty-nine species, of which thirty- 
one have been found nowhere else as yet, but it is probable that their range is 
very imperfectly known. Twenty-three of our species are found in European 
seas, while the intervening tropical seas appear to be almost destitute of this 
form of life. The chief point of interest in our Polyzoa is the great develop- 
ment of the massive species of Cellepora, and of the coral-like family Idmoneide, 
which recall to mind the crag formation of England ; indeed one of our species, 
Hornera striata, is found fossil in the crag ; it is, however, also found fossil at 
oa? 
Oraki, near Auckland, in beds of still older date. Considering how little 
