Kwnox.—On the Skeleton of a Chatham Islands Aborigine. 305 
the well known hunchback or in death. The bodies of the fourth and fifth 
lumbar vertebre in this skeleton exhibit the effects of excessive and long 
continued pressure from carrying heavy weights, such as firewood. The 
ribs and thorax are normal, but slightly twisted in consequence of the lateral 
curvature of the spine above alluded to. The sternum, strictly normal, 
consisting of manubrium, body and ensiform cartilage. The scapule and 
clavicles, though well formed, are unusually small. The clavicles at their 
sternal articulation exhibit the effect of chronic enlargement during life. 
The pelvis is well formed, and appears to me not to indicate inferiority 
such as is said to be present in the dark Negro races. I refer to the 
table annexed for the measurements taken, as showing no marked deviation 
_ from the average dimensions of the pelvis in fairer races. The excessive 
development of the bones of the face, and more especially the upper and 
lower jaw, so much dwelt upon by closet naturalists and compilers as indicat- 
ing a deviation from the Caucasian type towards that of the monkey, is, I 
think, a mere fancy—a matter of taste in short. I have repeatedly observed 
the jaws, more especially the lower, of ample dimensions in many of the fair 
races, and, if I mistake not, the robust development of the lower jaw, not 
only at the symphysis but at the angle, indicates firmness and obstinacy of 
character, whether in male or female. 
The head when placed on a horizontal smooth surface rests on the mastoid 
processes of the temporal bone and angle of the lower jaw. The skull 
(without the lower jaw) when placed on a horizontal smooth surface, rests on 
the mastoid processes of the temporal bone and third molar tooth. When on 
the vertex it rests on the position of the anterior fontanella, which in this 
instance is not only completely obliterated, but forms a well marked elevation 
deserving the attention of the plrenologist. The external surface of the — 
cranium presents a slight tendency to form crests on the parietal bones. 
The sutures are all perfectly normal. The condyles of the lower jaw 
(transverse measure 104 lines), show very little of any hinge-like or lateral 
action of the jaws. The teeth originally small, much worn down, particularly 
the canines, so as scarcely to be distinguished from the incisors, 
The locomotive organs, both thoracic and pelvic, appear to me finely 
formed. The arms, including the humerus, radius and ulna, and hand (or 
arm, forearm, and hand) measure in length 2 ft. 2 in. 9 lines. The legs, 
Sscheding the thigh, leg, and foot, measure 2 ft. 7 in. 9 lines. It will be 
observed from an inspection of the articulated skeleton that these present a 
degree of beauty not surpassed by any existing people, more especially the 
foot which exhibits a fine arch and short calcaneum—the female foot par 
excellence ! 
Measurements. — Head (including lower jaw) placed on a horizontal 
ol 
