30 



Remains of superior and inferior turbinated bones are recognisable in the wide 

 nasal cavern : the superior ones commence anteriorly as strong plates curving 

 inwards from the outer margins of the nasal bones (fig. 3. b.) ; the lower ones 

 arise from the inner side of the maxillary bones near the lower angles of the 

 cavity, leaving a large middle meatus (c). 



Maxilla inferior *. — The lower jaw consists of two rather short, deep and strong 

 rami, extending nearly parallel with each other to a broad, transverse, sloping 

 symphysis, where they are anchylosed together. The posterior part of each 

 ramus expands into a deep but thin vertical plate of bone, forming the ramus 

 ascendens, which divides into the coronoid, condyloid and angular processes. 

 The alveolar series, including the four molar teeth,, occupies nearly the middle 

 third part of the horizontal ramus. 



The condyle (a) is broad and convex from side to side, narrow from before back- 

 wards, and nearly flat in this direction at its outer half, which chiefly played 

 upon the glenoid surface : the flattened part is smooth ; the inner convex part 

 is rough. The articular surface is not quite transverse, the outer end inclines 

 a httle forward ; the inner and thicker part of the condyle overhangs the support- 

 ing plate of bone to the extent of nearly an inch ; the outer end is less promi- 

 nent, and more gradually subsides by an obhque ridge extended forwards and 

 downwards for the extent of an inch upon the outside of the ramus. 



A sUght concavity, about the thickness of one's finger, intervenes between the 

 articular surface of the condyle and the coronoid process (6), the base of which 

 extends forwards to the posterior parallel of the last molar tooth ; this process 

 is a thin, triangular, vertical plate ; the anterior margin is convex, the posterior 

 one is concave, and the upper angle inclines backwards ; the inner surface is 

 slightly concave and smooth ; the outer one convex in a similar degree, but 

 roughened by small intermuscular ridges reticularly disposed, and by a larger 

 ridge extending down the middle, and curving backwards so as to define the 

 boundary of the insertion of the temporal muscle. 



The angular process (c) is similar in size and form to the coronoid one, but pro- 

 jects backwards instead of upwards, the angle only being slightly inclined in the 

 latter direction. The lower margin is convex, the upper one concave, but in a 



* Plate VI. 



