COMPENDIUM OF GENERIC DISTINCTIONS. 



G39 



Genus. Ruticii.la. — Bill broad at base; nostrils in membra- 

 nous groove, opening rounded. Wings long and rounded; fourth 

 and fifth quills longest. Tail long, broad, and somewhat forked. 

 Toes short and slender. Habitat— Old World. 



Genus. ErythaCcs. — Bill strong; nostrils in groove, opening 

 elongated. Wings moderate, fourth and fifth quills longest. 

 Tail moderate, broad, and rather forked. Outer longer than in- 

 ner, united to middle at base, hind toe long and slender. Habi- 

 tat — Europe. 



Genus. Cyanecula. — Bill straight and slender, nostrils at 

 base, rounded. Wings moderate, third and fourth quills long- 

 est. Tail moderate, rounded. Tarsi long; outer toe longer 

 than inner. Habitat— Old World. 



Genus. Copstchus. — Bill wide at gape, with short bristles; 

 nostrils in slight groove. Wings, fifth quill longest, first to 

 fourth graduated. Tail rather long. Tarsi rather long, hind toe- 

 long and strong. Habitat — India and Africa. 



Genus. Sialia. — Bill short, broad at base; nostrils in groove, 

 opening elongated. Wings very long and pointed, third and 

 fourth quills longest. Hind toe moderate. Habitat — America. 



Sub-family. Accentorinae. — Bill short, straight, nostrils in 

 groove, opening exposed. W T ings long. Tail moderate. Tarsi 

 moderate. Outer toe united to middle at base, hind toe long. 



Genus. ACCENTOR. — Bill, nostrils very narrow. Wings, 

 third to fifth quills longest, first very short. Tarsi broadly 

 scaled in front. Claw of hind toe long and compressed. Habi- 

 tat — Europe and Asia. 



Sub-family . Parinse. — Bill straight, short, and strong; nos- 

 trils at base. Wings moderate, first three quills graduated. 

 Tail rounded and even. Tarsi scaled in front. Inner toe 

 shortest; claws curved and strong. 



Genus. Parus. — Bill, nostrils concealed by plumes of fore- 

 head. Wings, fourth and fifth quills longest. Hind toe and 

 claw very long. Habitat — Old World and North America. 



Genus. Paroides. — Wings, third and fourth quills longest. 

 Tail rather long. Habitat — Europe and Africa. 



Sub-family. Mniotiltinae. — Bill conical, nostrils exposed, open- 

 ing rather large. Wings long. Tail moderate. Tarsi broadly 

 scaled; toes long and slender. 



Genus. Zosterops. — Bill with few short bristles at base; nos- 

 trils in broad groove, protected by semi-lunar scale. Wings, 

 fourth and fifth quills longest, first very small. Tail broad. 

 Outer toe longer than inner. Habitat — India, Africa, and 

 Australia. 



Sub-family. Motacillinae. — Bill moderate, keel rather curved 

 at end, sides much compressed; nostrils in small groove. Wings 

 long and pointed. Tail long. Tarsi long, slender, with trans- 

 verse scales. Toes and claws long. 



Genus. Motacilla. — Bill, nostrils oval, partially hidden by 

 a membrane. Wings, second and third quills longest. Tail 

 very long, even or forked. Hind toe long. Habitat — most 

 parts of world. 



Genus. Ephthiaxcra. — Bill, nostrils in broad groove, covered 

 with membranous scale. Wings, third to fifth quills longest. 

 Tail rather short. Toes rather short. Habitat — Australia. 



Genus. Akthus. — Bill straight and slender; nostrils in short 

 broad groove, rounded, and partly covered by membrane. 

 Wings, first to third quills longest. Claws of front toes short 

 and curved, that of hind toe long and sharp. Habitat — Most 

 parts of world. 



Family. TURDIDJE.— Bill rather strong, sides rather com- 

 pressed. Wings long. Tail moderate. Tarsi and toes various. 



Sub-family. Forinicarinae. — Bill straight; nostrils in mem- 

 branous groove, reached but not covered by plumes. Wings 

 short and rounded. Tarsi witli divided scales in front. Outer 

 toe longer than inner. 



Genus. Pitta. — Bill broad at base, opening of nostrils oblique 

 and exposed. Wings, third and fourth quills longest. Tail 

 very short and even. Tarsi very long with broad scales. Outer 



toe longer than inner, and united to middle at base; hind toe 

 and claw very long. Habitat — India, Australia, and Western 

 Africa. 



Genus. Hydrobata. — Bill moderate, slightly curved up- 

 wards; opening of nostrils semi-lunar. Wings rounded, third 

 and fourth quills longest, first spurious. Tail very short and 

 even. Outer toe rather longer than inner. Habitat— Europe, 

 Asia, and America. 



Sub-family. Turdinae. — Bill as long as head; nostrils open, in 

 small groove. Wings, first quill very short. Tail long and 

 broad. Tarsi long. Outer toe longer than inner, united to 

 middle at base, hind toe long and strong. 



Genus. Mimus. — Bill with short bristles at base; nostrils oval. 

 Wings, fourth, fifth, sometimes seventh quills longest, second 

 shorter than third. Tarsi with broad scales in front. Habitat — 

 America, West Indian and Galapagos Islands. 



Genus. Tirol's. — Bill with weak bristles at base; nostrils as 

 in Mimus. Wings, third and fourth quills longest. Tail slightly 

 forked. Tarsi with single long scale in front. Habitat — All 

 parts of tin' world. 



Sub-family. Timalinae. — Bill moderate, keel curved; nostrils 

 exposed. Wings short and rounded. Tail graduated. Tarsi 

 long and strong. Tors long, strong, and with large scales above; 

 claws compressed and sharp. 



Genus. Timalia. — Bill, sides much compressed to tip; few 

 short bristles at base; nostrils in small groove, semi-lunar open- 

 ing with a small scale. Wings, fifth to seventh quills longest. 

 Tarsi with one long scale in front. Habitat — India and Java. 



Genus. Icteria. — Bill short, strong, elevated and curved at 

 base, tip slightly scooped; nostrils in small groove. Wings, 

 third and fourth quills longest. Tarsi long, with single large 

 scale in front. Outer toe longer than inner. Habitat — America. 



Genus. Cinclosoma. — Bill moderate, rather slender, slightly 

 i pressed; a few very short bristles at base; nostrils with mem- 

 branous scale. Wings, third to fifth quills longest. Tarsi with 

 broad scales. Inner toe longer than outer. Habitat — Australia. 



Genus. Garrulax. — Bill, nostrils in short groove, opening 

 rounded and hidden by plumes and bristles. Wings, fifth and 

 sixth quills longest. Tail broad and rounded. Tarsi strong, 

 hind toe very long. Habitat— India and China. 



Suli-fainily. Oriolinse. — Bill long as head, broad at base, com- 

 pressed on sides, slightly curved above; nostrils partly closed by 

 membrane. Wings long, third and fourth quills longest. Tarsi 

 short strong scales. 



Genus. ObioLCS, — Bill, nostrils oval. Wings, first quill only 

 half length of third and fourth. Tail moderate and rounded. 

 Tarsi with broad scales. Toes free, outer longer than inner, 

 claws strong and curved. Habitat — Old World. 



Family. MUSCICAPID.5:.— Bill various, curved above, sides 

 compressed to tip. Tail long. Tarsi short; toes long. 



Sub-family. Alectrurinae.— Bill broad and rather flattened at 

 base; nostrils rounded and exposed. Wings long. Tarsi slender. 



Genus. Guberxetes.— Bill short with bristles at base; nos- 

 trils in short membranous groove, opening rounded. Tail long 

 and deeply forked. Tarsi with transverse scales. Outer toe 

 united at base to middle; hind toe long. Habitat — South 

 America. 



Sub-family. Tyranninae. — Bill long, broad and flat at base, 

 .sides compressed to tip, which is hooked; nostrils hidden by 

 ]iluines and bristles. Wings long and pointed. Tail moderate. 

 Tarsi broadly sealed, (tutor toe longer than inner, united to 

 middle at base; claws short and sharp. 



Genus. Tyranxus. — Bill with long bristles at base; nostrils 

 small and rounded. Wings, second, third, and sometimes to 

 fifth quills equal, all sharply pointed. Tail slightly forked. 

 Tarsi slender. Habitat — Tropical America. 



Genus. MlLVULUB. — Bill, nostrilson side and rounded. Wings, 



s rad quill longest, first and third equal, all waved and pointed. 



Tail long, very deeply forked. Tarsi slender. Habitat — Tropi- 

 cal America. 



