640 



COMPENDIUM OF GENERIC DISTINCTIONS. 



Sub-family. Muscicapinae. Bill broad at base, narrowing to 

 tip, base with bristles. Wings long ami pointed. Outer toe 

 longer than inner. 



Genus. Rhipiih"ra. — Bill with long bristles at base, nostrils 

 partly covered with plumes and bristles. Wings, fourth and 

 fifth quills longest, h'rst short. Tail broad and graduated. 

 Tarsi broadly sealed; front toes short, hind toe long. Habitat — 

 India, New Zealand, and islands of Indian i Icean. 



Genus. Tchitrea. -Wings, fourth and fifth quills longest, 

 first to tlnrd graduated. Tail long and graduated. Tarsi with 

 slightly divided seales. Hind toe long. Habitat— Africa and 

 India.' 



Genus. Mc:sCicapa. — Bill short, nostrils partly hidden by 

 plumes. Wings, third and fourth quids longest, first very short. 

 Tail oxen. Front tors short, hind toe long. Habitat— (lid 

 World. 



Genus. Mlscivora.— Bill straight, ratlin- flattened above 

 bristles very long and stiff, nostrils oval and exposed. Tail 

 nearly even. Tarsi with one long scale. Hind toe long. Habi- 

 tat South America. 



Family. AMPELID.eE. -Bill derate, broad at base, rather 



flattened, sides gradually compressed to tip. Wings long. Tail 

 moderate. Toes i lerate, outer united to inner at base. 



Sub-family. Pachycephalias. — Bill with few slight bristles 

 at hase. Wings rounded. Tarsi long and slender; too- long. 



Genus. Pardulotus. — Bill very short, nostrils covered by 

 membrane. Wings, first to third quills longest. Hind tor 

 rather long. Habitat— Australia. 



Sub-family. Piprinae. — Bill, base very broad, nostrils at side, 



nearly hidden by plumes. Wings i lerate and pointed. Tail 



very short and even. Tarsi lone- and slender; outer tor united 

 to middle beyond s nd joint. 



Genus. PlPRA.— Bill short, nostrils partly closed by a mem- 

 brane. Wings, third and fourth quills longest. Outer toe 

 longer than inner. Habitat -Tropical America. 



Genus. RuPIOOLA. — Bill strong, nostrils large, oval, partly 

 closed by a membrane. Wings, fourth and fifth quills longest. 

 Tarsi partly covered by plumes. Outer toe longer than inner, 



and united to middle beyond si ml joint, the inner united at 



has.-; hind toe long and strong. Habitat -South America. 



Genus. Cai.yptomexa.— Bill short, very broad at base, nos- 

 trils rounded. Wings, third and fifth quills equal, fourth long- 

 est. Tarsi broadly scaled in front. Outer toe united to inner 

 bey 1 second joint. Habitat -Sumatra. 



Sub-family. Ampelins. It.ll rather long very wide gape; 

 nostrils oval. Wings moderate. Tail short. Outer toe slightly 

 united at base. 



Genus. AMPELIS.— Bill moderate, gradually curved above; 

 nostrils on side, concealed by plumes. Wings, second quill 



longest. Claws short, much curved , c pressed, and sharp. 



Habitat — Europe, Asia, and Northern America. 



Genus. Arapcxua Procxias .—Bill very short at base; nos- 

 tril- in membranous groove, plumes reach tl pening. Wings, 



third and fourth quills longest. Tarsi short, transversely sealed. 

 Outer toe longer thau inner. Habitat -Tropical America. 



Sub-family. Campephaginas. — Bill short, few bristles at has.-; 



nostrils rounded. Wings lerate, third to fifth quills longest. 



Tail long and rounded. Tarsi short, transversely scaled. 



Genus. Pkricrocotus. — Bill, sides much compressed; nostrils 

 in sunken groove. Tail graduated. Tarsi slender, with narrow 

 scales. Lateral tors equal. Habitat — India and Archipelago. 



Sub-family. Dicrurinse. — Bill well keeled above and curved; 

 strong bristles at base. Wings long. Tarsi and toes short. 



Genus. ArtTAMrs.— Bill moderate, keel rounded, few bristles, 

 nostrils small and partly hidden by pkimes. Wines very long, 

 pointed, second quill longest, ami first only rudi mental. Tarsi 

 short, transversely scaled. Toes short, enter united at base to 

 middle. Habitat -India, Australia, and Madagascar. 



Genus. DlORfRUS. — Bill, keel elevated ami curved to tip; 



nostrils rounded, and hidden tiy plumes and bristles. Wines, 

 fourth and fifth epulis longest. Tail long and deeply forked, 



s etinirs extensive feathers webbed only at ends. Outer toe 



united to middle at second joint, inner at base. Habitat — India 

 and Africa. 



Family. LANIIDJE.— Bill long, strong, straight, mostly hooked, 

 keel curved, and sides compressed to tip. Wings moderate. 

 Tail long. Tarsi strong. Hind toe long, claws long, curved, 

 and very sharp. 



Sub-family. Laminae. — Bill moderate; nostrils on side and 

 rounded. Wings rather long. Outer toe longer than inner, 

 and united to middle at base. Hind toe long, broadly padded. 



Genus. Laxtus. -Bill broad at base, tip strongly hooked; few 

 short bristles at base; nostrils partly hidden by bristles. Wings, 

 fourth quill longest. Tail graduated. Habitat — Europe, Asia, 

 ami Africa. 



Genus. i:\M.ni-Toxi-s.— Wings, third quill longest. Tail 

 much rounded. Rest like Lanius. Habitat — Europe and India. 



Sub-family. Thamnophilinae. — Bill long, keel arched, tip 



1 ked, base with bristles. Wings moderate. Tail long. Tarsi 



broadly sealed. I Inter toe united to middle at base. 



Genus. Thamnopuilus. — Bill, nostril- at side of base, rounded 

 and exposed. Wings rounded, fourth to seventh quills longest. 

 Tarsi with transverse scales before and behind. Habitat — 

 America. 



Tribe. CONinOSTRES.—Tiitt strong, conical. Wings mod- 

 erate, mostly pointed. Tarsi strongly scaled; toes moderate. 



Family. CORVIDiE.— Bill, keel arched, sides compressed to 

 tip; nostrils at base, concealed by plumes. Tail varied. Tarsi 

 and tors moderate. 



Sub-family. Phono g arrange. — B ill lone-, base broad; nostrils 

 long and narrow. Wings various. Tail long. Tarsi and toes 

 scaled; outer tor united to middle at base. 



Genus. Gymxorhixa.— Bill longer than head, keel slightly 

 curved and encroaching on forehead; nostrils like straight slits 

 in beak. Wings very long, pointed, third and fourth quills long- 

 est, first very short. Tail even. Toes nearly even. Habitat — 

 Australia. 



itritim. Strepera. — Bill, keel rounded and elevated at base. 

 Wings, fourth and fifth quills longest, first very short. Tail 

 squared. Habitat — A ustralia. 



Sub-family. Garrulinse. — Bill moderate, compressed, keel 

 suddenly curved at tip. Wings moderate, rounded. Tail 

 various. Tarsi moderate, strongly scaled, toes long. 



Genus. Garrulus. — Bill not so long as head; nostrils hidden 

 by plumes. Wings, fourth, fifth, and sixth quills longest. Tail 

 nearly even. Outer toe longer than inner; hind toe long ;UJ) i 

 strong. Habitat— Old World. 



Genus. Cyanocorax. — Bill slightly compressed, nostrils 

 partly hidden by plumes. Wings, fourth to sixth quills long- 

 est. Tail long and rounded. Habitat -New World. 



Genus. Ci.-sa.— Bill large, keel elevated, tip hooked, shies 

 much compressed; nostrils partly covered with plumes. Wings, 

 fourth ami fifth quills longest. Tail long and graduated. Outer 

 toe little longer than inner. Habitat —India and Archipelago. 



Sub-family. Calleatinae.— Bill short, much curved above, 

 sides compressed. Wings short and rounded. Tail long and 

 graduated. Tarsi broadly scaled in front. 



Genus. Temxvrus. — Bill, nostrils small, rounded, hidden by 

 plumes ami bristles. Wings, fourth to sixth quills longest. 

 Outer toe longer than inner. Habitat -India. 



Genus. Crypsirhixa. — Bill, tip notched, base and nostrils 

 hidden by plumes, Wings, fifth and sixth quills longest. Outer. 

 tor longer than inner. Habitat — India. 



Sub-family. Corvinae.-Bill, base broad, rather curved above. 

 Wings long and rounded. Tail various. Tarsi broadly scaled 

 in front. Toes moderate, strong; two exterior equal. 



Genus. Nucikraga. — Bill long, nostrils at sides of base, and 

 covered by bristles. Wings, fourth and fifth quills longest. 



