COMPENDIUM OF GENERIC DISTINCTIONS. 



645 



feather narrowing at tip. Tarsi spurred in male. Toes, outer 

 longer than inner. Habitat — Asia. 



Svh-familij. Gallinae. — Bill moderate; nostrils large, nearly 

 semicircular, in membranous groove, and protected by a scale. 

 Wings, secondaries equalling quills. Tail compressed. Tarsi 

 spurred. 



Genus. Gallophasis. — Sides of head bare, skin hanging in 

 wattles. Wings, fourth to seventh quills equal and longest, 

 secondaries broad. Tarsi covered on both sides with large 

 scales, spurred on inner side near hind toe. Claws short and 

 curved. Habitat — India. 



Genus. Gallus. — Fleshy crest on head, and wattled below 

 chin; cheeks bare. Bill strong, nostrils exposed. Tail com- 

 pressed, and covered by lengthened coverts. Tarsi covered in 

 front with broad scales, and long curved spur. Hind toe little 

 elevated. Habitat — India. 



Genus. Ceriokxts. — Bill short and thick, tip blunt, nostrils 

 oval and naked. Wings very concave. Tail large and round. 

 Tarsi strong, scales in front, and short spur. Long horn over 

 each eye. Two naked wattle-like spaces below chin. Habitat — 

 Central Asia. 



Sub-family. Meleagrinae. — Tail short and drooping. Head 

 and neck naked, haired, or wattled; sometimes base of lower 

 mandible wattled. 



Genus. Meleagris. — Bill strong, keel arched to tip, nostrils 

 in groove. Wings short, fifth and sixth quills longest. Tail 

 broad and rounded. Tarsi long and strong, scaled in front, and 

 bluntly spurred. Front toes united at base. Habitat — America. 



Genus. Numida — Bill, nostrils large, oval, partly covered by 

 membrane. Wings, fifth quill longest. Tarsi with broad 

 divided scales. Inner toe shorter than outer. Habitat — Africa. 



Sub-family. Lophophorinae. — Bill broad at base, upper mandi- 

 ble projecting, nostrils partly covered with feathers anil mem- 

 brane. Wings moderate. Tail large. Tarsi short, strong, 

 with divided scales. Front toes united. 



Genus, Lophophorcs. — Bill flattened at base. Wings, 

 fourth and fifth quills longest. Tarsi spurred in male. Habitat 

 ; — Himalayas. 



Family. TETRAONIDS:.— Bill broad at base and compressed, 

 arched above to blunt tip. Wings short and rounded. Tail 

 rounded. 



Sub-family. Perdicinae. — Edges of bill entire, nostrils covered 

 with a hard scale. Tarsi long, with divided scales in front. 



Genus. Itiiagixis. — Bill short. Wings, fourth to sixth quills 

 longest. Tarsi with two or three spurs. Outer toe longer than 

 inner; hind toe. long. Habitat — Himalayas. 



Genus. Perdix. — Bill short, nostrils with rounded scale. 

 Wings, third to fifth quills longest. Tail short. Tarsi not 

 spurred. Outer toe longer than inner. Habitat — Old World. 



Genus. Caccabis. — Bill, nasal groove with short plumes, 

 scale bare. Wings, second to fifth quills longest. Tail short. 

 Tarsi with a blunt tubercle. Habitat — Europe, Asia, and 

 Northern Africa. 



Genus. Coturxix. — Bill short. Wings, second to fourth 

 quills longest. Tail very short. Tarsi not spurred. Habitat — 

 Old World and Australia. 



Sub-family. Odontophorinae. — Bill, lower mandible with two 

 teeth, nostrils in short groove, covered with a scale. Wings 

 and tail rounded. — Tarsi with divided scales. 



Genus. Ortvx. — Edges of beak curved and waved. Wings, 

 third to sixth (prills longest. Outer toe united to inner at base. 

 Habitat — America, West Indies. 



Sub-family. Tetraoninae. — Bill short, broad, gradually com- 

 pressed to tip, nostrils feathered. Wings rounded. Tarsi feath- 

 ered, toes long. 



Genus. Tetrao. — Wings, third and fourth quills longest. 

 Tarsi feathered to base of toes. Toes with rough scales. Eye- 

 brows bare, with red warty skin. Habitat — Northern — Europe 

 and America. 



Genus. Boxasa. — Basal half of tarsi haired, remainder 

 scaled. Habitat — Europe and America. 



Genus. Lagopis. — Tarsi and toes wholly haired. Habitat — 

 Europe and America. 



Sub-family. Pteroclinae. — Bill short, curved to tip, sides com- 

 pressed. Wings and tail long and pointed. Tarsi feathered; 

 hind toe very small. 



Genus. Pterocles. — Bill small, nostrils partly concealed by 

 membrane. Wings, first and second quills longest. Tarsi, 

 front and inner sides feathered. Toes short, united at base by 

 membrane extending along sides of toes. Habitat — Southern 

 Europe, Asia, and Africa. 



Family. CHIONIDS;.— Bill moderate, nostrils protected by 

 horny sheath. Wings long and pointed. Tarsi short, front toes 

 united at base, hind toe short. 



Sub-family. Chionidinae. — Horny sheath extending over the 

 basal half of the bill. 



Genus. Chioxis. — Bill short, base broad; base and cheeks 

 covered with naked skin. Wings, second quill longest, tuber- 

 cle at bend. Tarsi roughly scaled. Habitat — Islands of Ant- 

 arctic Ocean. 



Family. TINAMID.E.— Bill straight, flattened, with mem- 

 brane at base, nostrils large. Wings short and concave. Toes 

 long. (Sub-family, Tinaminac, with same characteristics.) 



Genus. Tixamus. — Bill rather short, hooked at tip; sides 

 compressed; nostrils towards base. Wings, third and fourth 

 quills longest, tips curved. Tail very short, coverts lengthened. 

 Claws short and thick. Habitat— South America. 



Order. STRUTHIONES— Very large size. Wings almost 

 rudimental. 



Family. STRUTHIONIDiE.— Wings very short. Toes short, 

 broad, and unequal. Tarsi very long and powerful. 



Sub-family. Struthioninae. — Bill broad, flattened, rounded in 

 front. Toes, second or third directed forwards. 



Genus. Struthio. — Bill, tip overlapping lower mandible, 

 nostrils in broad membranous groove near middle. Wings with 

 long soft plumes. Tail of curved drooping feathers. Claws 

 short and flattened. Habitat — Africa. 



Genus. Kuea. — Bill, nostrils in membranous groove at mid- 

 dle; membrane extends over base of keel. Wings with long 

 soft feathers. Tail not visible. Claws strong and compressed. 

 Habitat — South America. 



Genus. Dromaids. — Bill sloping to tip, nostrils in front of 

 membranous groove. Wings and tail not visible. Habitat — 

 New Holland. 



Gerais. Casuarius. — Bill long, compressed, curved to tip; 

 base of keel and head with elevated helmet; neck naked, and 

 with two wattles. Wings, five rounded shafts, no webs. Tail 

 not visible. Toes long, inner with lung powerful claw. Habi- 

 tat — New Guinea and Moluccas. 



Sub-family. Apteryginae. — Bill very long, slender, base with 

 horny cere, tip overhanging lower mandible, nostrils at tip. 



Genus. Apteryx. — Bill, sides grooved towards end, base 

 with long hairs. Wings very short, and covered with long 

 feathers. Hind toe very short, with long, strong, and 'sharp 

 claws. Habitat — New Zealand. 



Sub-family. Otidinae. — Bill compressed, tip scooped, nostrils 

 in large membranous groove, opening oval. Wings moderate. 

 Tail broad and rounded. Tarsi long; tees and claws short. 



Genus. Otis. — Bill, straight at base, then curved to tip; nos- 

 trils partly closed by membrane. Wings, second to fourth 

 quills longest, tertials long as quills. Inner toe shorter than 

 outer. Habitat — Europe and Asia. 



Order. GRALL/E. — Tarsi long, rounded, slender; thighs 

 naked at lower part. 



Family. CHARADRIADJE — P.ill short, weak at base, strong 

 at tip; nostrils in deep longitudinal groove. Hind toe wanting, 

 or small and set high. 



