168 



EXPEDITION TO JAPAN. 



The second variety of Japan coal has the appearance of outcrop or surface coal, which, from 

 long exposure, may have had all the softer portions disintegrated and washed away. It is of a 

 dull greyish-black color like slate, and the cleavage planes are interspersed with small resin or 

 amber-like tears or grains, which, separating in the same planes, leave a portion attached to each 

 fragment. The lumps are very much fissured in three principal directions. The fracture is 

 laminated, slaty, with plane cleavage surfaces and well-defined angles and edges, the fragments 

 being generally trapezoid. It is not quite so hard as the Formosa coal, but has a toughness 

 which renders it less easy to powder. The powder is heavier than either of the others, is of an 

 olive, grey-black color, sabulous and clean, not adhering to or soiling surfaces. The streak is 

 of a lighter umber-brown color than that of the Cumberland, but has a yellow tinge, though 

 less yellow than the last two varieties. 



The Cumberland is a very soft semi-bituminous, caking, coking coal. It is easily kindled, 

 burns freely with a moderately long voluminous smoky flame, fuses partially, and aggregates 

 into lumps in the fire, but does not cake to a very great or injurious extent. It yields a large 

 spongy compact coke, and a reddish-grey light ash. 



The Formosa is a hard bituminous, splint, semi-caking, coking coal. It is much more easily 

 kindled, and burns more freely than the Cumberland, and yields a longer, less luminous, and 

 more smoky flame. It fuses partially and aggregates slightly into lumps that are very friable, 

 and scarcely cakes at all in a free fire. It yields a richer, granular, more friable coke, and a 

 small heavier ash of a dirty ochrey yellow color. 



The Japan coal, first variety, is a soft bituminous, caking, coking coal. It is more easily 

 kindled than the Cumberland, but does not burn so freely nor so rapidly, and gives a shorter 

 voluminous smoky flame. It fuses as it burns, and cakes so badly that the whole fire becomes 

 fused into a single mass, and the draught very much obstructed. It then burns much more 

 slowly until draught openings are effected by the combustion, when it brightens into a steady 

 hot fire. It yields a very large and Imlky friable coke, and an ash of a redder tinge than the 

 Cumberland. 



The Japan coal, second variety, is a hard bituminous, cannel coal. It is more easily kindled 

 than the Cumberland, and burns as freely, with a large, clear, luminous, and but little smoky 

 flame. It does not fuse nor cake at all in the fire, and in this respect burns much like anthra- 

 cite coal. It yields no coke, properly so called, but after dry distillation has the same form and 

 appearance as before. It yields a clean ash of a very light grey, almost white color. 



The quantitative results of the analysis may be best exhibited in a tabular form, as follows : 





Technical. 



Elementary proximate. 



Variety. 



& 



© 



CO 

 CI 



'■5 & 1 



OJ D C 

 ftT3 ft 



||8 



a 



o 



ft 



ft 



a 



O 



a 



G 



U 



3 





s 



So 



o .. 

 O ft) 



B. = 



T3 o 



M 































i >> 

















§ 

 fcb 



>> 



•B.'oS 



o.ag 



o 

 o 







J3 

 a 



?& 





m 















































3 



ja 





o 



o 

 2 



o 



r3 



o 

 o 



o 

 2 





o 

 o 



p 

 o 



hD 



o 



T3 



O 



3 



a. 







































w 



J 



=3 



fM 



>* 



fcH 



O 



>< 



ft 



O 



O 



a 



S 



m 



O 







/ Gains \ 

 V 0.071 ) 































1.330 



0.027 



81.813 



73.717 



8.096 



Reddish grey. 



18.187 



30.02 





81.674 



5.583 



0.411 



1.482 



2.754 





1.954 



3.774 



1.410 



47.875 



43.467 



4.408 





52.125 



27.10 





73.013 



6.313 



0.330 



1.087 



14.849 



Japan 1st variety.. 



1.268 



0.203 



0.036 



63.130 



42.224 



20.906 



Red grey.. .. 



36.870 



23.40 



Brown yellow. 



66.034 



5.175 



0.201 



4.198 



3.486 



Japan 2d variety .. 



1.471 



7.347 



2.230 





20.871 



33.091 



Light grey... 



41.038 



14.08 



Yellow brown. 



43.039 



4.297 



0.115 



0.039 



14.419 



