274 



EXPEDITION TO JAPAN. 



must occur ; and these collections will probably assist in clearing up tbe confusion now existing 

 in this group. 



Tbe Salmo herewith figured has been named after the able commander of the United States 

 Japan Expedition, to whose efforts alone we owe the scanty yet interesting zoological collections 

 and drawings, made under disadvantageous circumstances, while the squadron was in those 

 distant seas. 



In its o-eneral form and coloring it resembles the Salmo hamatus of Europe, and the New 

 Brunswick salmon of North America, 1 and no doubt is the representative of that type in the 

 Pacific, the figure having probably been taken from a female. 



Head large and thick, four and a half times in total length of fish. Jaws very strong and 

 thick, the upper one rather pointed, with stout curved maxillaries, the lower one longest when 

 depressed, with a strong curve upwards. Teeth strong and recurved. Profile from snout to 

 occiput nearly straight, curving thence gently into the dorsal outline, which is straight also to 

 behind first dorsal. Abdominal outline not prominent, but gently tapering to base of caudal. 

 Height of body in front of dorsal £ of length of head ; at base of caudal \- of same. Eyes small, 

 - 1 - of head. Opercles rounded, branchial rays stout. Scales distinct and rather large, but too 

 distinctly marked in the engraved figure. Lateral line straight. Fins large, with pointed 

 lobes. Anterior base of dorsal slightly nearer to snout than to margin of caudal. Second 

 dorsal large, for the fish. Pectorals and ventrals long and pointed. Anal under adipose 

 dorsal. (Both these fins seem, in the drawing, to be too near to the base of the caudal.) Cau- 

 dal with broad pointed lobes, posterior margin deeply emarginated and indented at the centre. 



Proportions, from the original drawing, in hundredths of total length, measuring from snout 



to centre of margin of caudal : 



Height of body at pectorals 18. 00 



Height in front of dorsal 19. 00 



Height at base of caudal 7. 00 



Snout to margin opercle 22. 50 



Snout to orbits - - 7 50 



Diameter of orbits -- 2. 00 



Pectorals long 15. 00 



Snout to first dorsal 46.00 



Anterior rays long 17.00 



Base 1st to base 2d dorsal 31. 00? 



Second dorsal long 5. 00 



Snout to base ventrals. 53. 00 



Ventrals long .. 16.00 



Base ventrals to base anal 25. 00? 



Anal long 14.00 



Snout to end scales onlat. line _ 95. 00 



Lobes of caudal 16. 00 



Emargination of open caudal 6.00 



Colors : Dusky along the back of head, and becoming blue on the opercies., and dirty white 

 beneath. Margin of lower jaw bluish dusky. Back of head, snout, opercles and maxillaries, 

 covered with round, irregular sized blackish spots, rather closely set. Eye golden yellow. 

 Back dusky, soon however fading into dirty purplish red on the sides, which on the under 

 parts fades again into dirty white. The dusky back and colored sides are covered with blackish 

 spots of irregular form, smaller than those of the head and rather more sparsely distributed. 

 Lower part of dorsal spotted also. This and all the other fins are of a brownish black of rather 

 uniform hue, the caudal inclining to brown. Ventrals and anal of a lighter shade, with their 

 anterior rays lighter still. 



i This salmon, if not identical with the S. hamatus, will form a new species. It has not been described or noticed by any 

 author that has written on American Ichthyology. In October, 1S56, large numbers of them, weighing from eight to 

 fifteen pounds each, were brought to the New York market. The males invariably had straight and pointed upper, and 

 hooked under jaws; the females, which were full of roe, had the jaws like the figure here published. It could not be 

 confounded with the Salmo Salar. 



