276 EXPEDITION TO JAPAN. 



on sides, and shading off rather abruptly helow the lateral line into white, with tinege of red. 

 Lateral line conspicuously placed on a narrow pale stripe from opercles to caudal. Dorsal and 

 caudal almost black, ventrals and pectorals pale dusky. Anal dusky yellow. 



The S. Japonensis of Pallas, (op. cit., p. 382,) from the Kurile Islands, of which he had two 

 dried specimens, brought home by Merk, seems to resemble the orientalis, judging from the 

 vague description of it by the Russian naturalist. Valenciennes (op. cit., p. 363) examined 

 these specimens. One of them, he thinks, answers to Pallas's description, but still remarks 

 that the species does not seem to be well founded. Had it resembled the orientalis, the distin- 

 guished French naturalist would have noted such a fact. 



The name Masu, or Masou, seems to be a designation for salmon generally in Japan. Med- 

 hurst gives it as Mas. Sake, which also means " wine," is another name for it. The scientific 

 names attached to those given in the Japanese encyclopedia by Mr. Eemusat, in his notice of 

 this work, are not always correctly applied, as the rough native figures seem to have been his 

 only guide. The name of number 21, in book 49, page 8, is " Kamasu, in Chinese Sotseuiu, 

 poisson navette,) esox sphyraena, murene." No doubt a salmon was represented in the accom- 

 panying figure. Kamasu seems to signify a "slender salmon." KSmpfer alludes to a fish 

 under the name Kamas, which he calls a pike. 



43. SALMO (FABIO) LEUCOMAENIS, PaUas. 



Ralmo Leucomaenis, Pallas, Zoog., Eoss. Asiat., Ill, 356. 

 " " Val. Hist, des Poissons, 21, 243. 



PLATE X, fig. 3. Natural size. 



Notes. — From Hakodadi Bay, (Lat. 41° 49',) May and June. 8 inches. 



This seems to agree with the descriptions above quoted, though it may prove to be a new 

 species. The figure represents a fish of a uniform dusky blue, with tinge of greenish on the 

 back, sides, and top of head, becoming silvery white on the lower parts of head and body. 

 Large round spots of rather uniform size, and distinctly defined, are sparingly scattered over 

 the whole of the back and sides. They are of a paler blue than the ground color, and become 

 white below the lateral line, and are distributed in five rows, three above and two below the 

 lateral line in irregular quicunx order. The largest are about f of the diameter of the eye, or 

 eight times in the greatest height of the body. The upper row of 6 or 7 run close to the back, 

 beginning under the first dorsal ; the second commences near the back of the head, and count 

 nine to halfway between the dorsals, where it unites with the third row. This numbers eleven 

 spots, running parallel to the lateral line, with some confused spots on the base of caudal. The 

 fourth row follows the under side of the lateral line and close to it, with about eight spots. The 

 fifth is short, with five or six white spots, just distinguishable from the pale blue of the sides. 

 Irides pale yellow, and tinges of same on opercles. The fins are all colored of a pale umber 

 brown, the first dorsal being darkest. Ventrals quite pale. 



In form it resembles a brook trout, the snout being rather blunt. The expression of Pallas, 

 in describing its teeth, "series in palato parallela," may perhaps mean that it has a double row 

 on the body of the vomer, in which case it would belong to the genus Salar as defined by 



