PLANTS COLLECTED IN JAPAN. 323 



C. littorea varies considerably in the number of its spikes ; and occasionally one or more of the 

 fertile ones are masculine or sterile at the summit. A New Zealand specimen, with two culms 

 from the same root, has on one of them the terminal spike fertile at the base and two fertile 

 spikes, while the other has two male and two female spikes. A New Holland specimen, from 

 the herbarium of Mr. Brown, has four spikes, all masculine at the summit, while another has 

 six spikes, three of them male and three female. In both C. pumila and C. littorea, I observe 

 the ochrea at the base of the peduncle of the female spikes ; and in both plants I see occasionally 

 the lower male spikes to issue from a modified perigynium, which is open and expanded at the 

 orifice, having the tumid base of the normal organ, and at times showing stigmas. This 

 explains the nature of the ochrea, and of the saccate scale at the base of the spicula? in the 

 panicled group of Carex, which I described in C. Hartwegii, and which is common in the Indian 

 species of this group. 



Carex monadelpha, Boott, (n. sp.) : spicis 4 pallidis gracilibus cylindricis stricto erectis, ter- 

 minali mascula sessili (filamentis basi monadelphis!), reliquis fcemineis, superioribus mascuh-e 

 arete contiguis, inferioribus vaginatis bracteatis, infima remota longe exserte pedunculata; 

 stigmatibus 3 brevibus ; perigyniis oblongo-ellipticis stipitatis erostratis (ore emarginato) 

 costato-nervosis puberulis pallide viridibus oblique divergentibus squama oblonga obtusissima 

 truncata vel abrupte apiculata albo-lutescente apice ciliolata (nervo vividi) longioribus. — Simoda? 

 Culm a foot high, slender, triquetrous, erect, smooth, or slightly scabrous between the spikes, 

 leafy at the base, the spike-bearing portion 3^ inches long. Cauline leaves a line broad, shorter 

 than the culm ; the radical ones 2 lines wide, flat, grassy, equalling or perhaps surpassing the 

 culm. Lowest bract two-thirds of a line wide, equalling its spike ; the others narrower, and 

 somewhat exceeding the culm. Lowest sheath half an inch long. Lowest peduncle 1\ inches 

 long. Male spike 10 lines long, half a line wide. Filaments short, whitish, borne on a fiat 

 body 3-cleft at the apex, and as long as the scale. Anthers short, yellow. Female spikes 10 

 lines long, a line broad, the two superior ones close to the male spike, and almost equalling it in 

 length, the lowest 3 inches distant. Scales of the male spike very obtuse ; the lower ones of 

 the female spikes truncate, with the green midrib evanescent below the ciliolate apex, or in the 

 upper scales reaching the abrupt apex. Perigynium 1 T 4 „ lines long, -^ of a line wide. Achenium 

 oblong-triquetrous, produced at the base, pale, obtuse at the apex, annulate ; the annulus sur- 

 rounding the thickened base of the style, deciduous. 



Carex leucochlora, Bunge: spicis 3-5 albo-viridibus oblongis breve pedunculatis, terminali 

 mascula, fcemineis 2-4 laxifloris masculas arete contiguis vel inferioribus subremotis exserte 

 pedunculatis bracteatis ; stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis ellipticis obtuse triquetris stipitatis erostratis 

 (ore emarginato) nervosis puberulis pallide viridibus squama lanceolata obtusa vel acuminata 

 albo-hyalina, nervo viridi longe excurrente serrato, saspe duplo triplove brevioribus. (" C. 

 spica mascula terminali solitaria, fcemineis binis, inferiore sulpedunculata, superiore sessili, 

 oblongis approximatis multifloris erectis ; stigmatibus 3 ; squamis oblongis acuminatis, acumine 

 aculeolato, glabris fructum oblongum utrinque attenuatum pubescentem superantibus ; culmo 

 basi foliato. Nangasaki Japonia, Langsdorff. Bunge in Mem. Acad. St. Pet. 2, p. 132, 1835.) 

 C. Langsdorffii, Boott. in Linn. Trans. 20, p. 144. Culm 5-10 inches long, weak, acutely tri- 

 quetrous, scabrous, leafy at the base, the spike-bearing part from 1 to 2\ inches long. Culm- 

 leaves I-I5 lines wide, shorter than the culm. Bracts either setaceous and a little exceeding 

 the spikes, or foliaceous and surpassing the culm, the lowest a line wide. Lowest sheath 1-4 

 lines long. Lowest peduncle 3-5 lines long. Male spike 4-7 lines long, 1-1£ lines wide. 



