APPENDIX. 403 



English " Low-fields." It lies iu latitude 34° 39' north, longitude 138° 51' east, and takes its 

 name of Low-fields from its lying at the foot of high hills, from which streams come down, 

 making the country around rich and fertile. There is a small, rocky island in the middle of 

 the harbor, which serves the purposes of a break-water. Within it vessels may lie in perfect 

 safety as in an amphitheatre-, with lofty hills rising one above another in front and outside the 

 great ocean ; but whatever storms rage there, they may ride quietly and undisturbed. The 

 steamers anchored close by the rocky island, the shore of the mainland being steep and precip- 

 itous, rocky cliffs, indeed, against which the waves might beat and chafe for ever without 

 making any impression. The heights and hills are well wooded, and abound with pheasants, 

 hawks, crows, and foxes. In the low grounds teal are abundant. 



On the day after our arrival, the commodore went on shore, and took up his quarters in the 

 Leaou-seen temple, on Fae-shun hill. There was a priest in charge of the temple called Yis- 

 tsang, and two neophytes with him. Inside was a large hall for the worship of Buddha, and 

 along the sides of it were many tombs — small structures made of stones — which it was the duty 

 of the priests to sweep and keep clean, and where they presented daily offerings of flowers. 

 The parties buried in them had, during their lifetime, made contributions to the temple. 

 Behind the temple was a small pillared dome, built of stone, a small fish-pond, and many 

 flowers and fruits. While we were taking some refreshments, hundreds of the people, men and 

 women, came in to look at the strangers and receive presents. The women came and went with- 

 out any appearance of bashfulaess. They wore their dress long, had an apron behind instead 

 of in front, and their hair was bound up with a strip of red silk. Most of them were good 

 looking, and before marriage their teeth are beautifully white. After they have children, how- 

 ever, they stain the teeth black with gall-nut powder. 



On another day I walked through the streets, and looked at the shops and houses. Some of 

 them were built of bricks and covered with tiles, while others were merely huts of straw. They 

 were mostly connected together, so that one could walk a long way, just passing from one house 

 to another. The women moved about in the houses and streets as freely as the men. They 

 came readily on the streets to me when I called them ; many of them I saw working with the 

 upper part of their bodies uncovered. Many of the men go about without any covering but the 

 cummer bund, and the women think nothing of looking at obscene pictures. There are 

 bathing houses, to which both the sexes resort without distinction. The women came always 

 in crowds to see a foreigner, but ran off when any of the two-sworded gentry made their appear- 

 ance. 



The streets are all named. There are " Great Work street," " New street," " Shop street," 

 and half a score besides. Passing along the shore and crossing a bridge, after walking a little 

 more than a le, you are in the district of Tsze-Ke, and come to the temple of the " Gemmeous 

 spring," shaded by old fir trees, and fronting the rocky island in the harbor, of which I have 

 spoken. Here a piece of ground has been assigned as a burial place for strangers from the 

 United States. 



The people are all Buddhists. All about, on the hill sides and by the seashore, are images 

 of Buddha, and on most of their tombstones are engraven some words from the "water lily," 

 classic. At the temple of " Great Repose," I saw people worshipping Buddha, without either 

 incense or lighted candles. When they had finished, they put some money in a box, calling it 

 "Let-go-life money," with reference to the Buddhist doctrine which forbids the killing of 

 animals. There were two priests in the place, who asked me to write some characters for them, 



