TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Page 



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i i i 



LIST OF TABLES vi i 



LIST OF FIGURES ix 



ABSTRACT xi v 



CHAPTER 



1 SAND FLIES AND LEISHMANIASIS 1 



Introduction 1 



Historical Review of the Incrimination of Major 



Vectors of Leishmaniasis 2 



Old World Leishmaniasis 7 



New World Leishmaniasis 13 



Leishmaniasis in the United States of America 19 



Statement of Objectives 24 



2 SAND FLIES ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS 

 IN TEXAS: OBSERVATIONS ON THEIR BIOLOGY WITH SPECIAL 

 REFERENCE TO Lutzomyia diabolica (Hal 1 ) 26 



Introduction 26 



General 26 



Human Case Histories 27 



Description of Study Sites 33 



Materials and Methods 43 



Determination of Sand Fly Fauna 43 



Processing and Maintenance of Wild-Caught Sand 



Flies and Recovery of Eggs 47 



Resul ts 49 



Species of Sand Flies Present 49 



Processing and Maintenance of Wild-Caught Sand 



Flies and Recovery of Eggs 56 



Accessory Glands and Parity 58 



Natural Parasite Infections 61 



Discussion and Conclusions 66 



Determination of Sand Fly Fauna 66 



Potential Vectors 81 



Processing and Maintenance of Wild-Caught Sand 



Flies and Recovery of Eggs 81 



