-154- 



in nature. This may explain why males, as well as females, are 

 attracted to light or baited traps. 



Exactly what attracts the males to females, or visa versa, 

 remains a mystery. Chaniotis (1967) cited references suggesting that 

 pheromones produced by the male might be involved. Schlein et al. 

 (1984) observed aggregation behavior in feeding _P. papatasi and 

 suggested that a pheromone produced in the maxillary palps attracted 

 other females of the same species. Males did not produce the 

 pheromone nor did they respond to it. Sex and courtship pheromones 

 are generally produced by female arthropods (Shorey, 1973). 

 Exceptions include some tephritid and drosophilid fruit flies, in 

 which males produce long-distance chemicals attractive to females 

 (Nation, 1972; Burke, 1981). Workers at the British Museum (Natural 

 History) in London, studying electron micrographs of sand flies, have 

 revealed the presence of small pores on the 3rd and 4th abdominal 

 tergites of male Lu. longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva) which may be the 

 sites of pheromone production; this is borne out by observations of 

 the courtship behavior of this species, in which the male waves his 

 wings in a manner suggestive of "wafting" pheromone towards the female 

 (Alexander, pers. comm., 1984). 



Feeding . Observations of highest feeding success in 3 to 4-day- 

 old Lu. diabol ica are consistent with findings of Endris (1982) and 

 Perkins (1982) in their studies of Lu. anthophora and JLu. shannoni , 

 respectively. 



Once replete, _Lu_. diabol ica females did not feed again until 

 after oviposition. Feedings on consecutive days by partially replete 

 females were also observed in Lu. shannoni (Perkins, 1982). If the 



