9 



from bacterial emanations, it should be noted that carbon dioxide is excreted during 



bacterial growth. 



Females are attracted to a host at a greater distance than males; this is likely 

 due to the greater number of olfactory sensilla found in females [4]. In species 

 where the female does partake in blood meals, the difference between the number 

 of chemosensilla between male and females is much greater than for species where 

 the female does not blood-feed from hosts [4,5]. 

 Nature of concern for attractant identification 



One of the primary reasons for searching for mosquito attractants is the 

 increasing number of restrictions placed upon suitable insecticides. This is 

 attributable to increased costs incurred from Environmental Protection Agency 

 registration (under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act), greater 

 costs to produce insecticides for a smaller market demand, and pressure from 

 environmental groups [25,26]. In searching for a natural attractant, the risk of an 

 airborne hazardous insecticide is alleviated. This would then allow for contained 

 traps to be lined or filled with insecticide while minimizing contamination of the 

 environment with the insecticide. 



Current state of mosquito research . Research in the area of attractants 

 continues with attractants/repellents and with the physiology of the mosquito. 

 Research methods which have been successful for other species of pests are being 

 adapted and used to aid in understanding the behavior of mosquitoes. Takken 

 summarized the state of mosquito research in his 1991 review [5, p. 293]: 



