152 

 ions which normally dominate the RIC trace were significantly reduced in intensity. 



Shown in the bottom mass chromatogram is the trace for the m/z 89 [M-H]~ ion of 



lactic acid. It is evident that the intensity of the lactate ion is reduced when 



compared to mass chromatogram of m/z 89 analyzed from rubbed beads. 



Implication to attractant origin 



The relation of this work to semiochemical studies was discussed in the first 

 chapter. The work with methanolic solutions of perspiration directly overlaps with 

 analysis of perspiration for odor determination. Analyses for odors focus upon 

 emanations from three types of glands found on the human body, the sebaceous 

 glands, the eccrine glands, and the apocrine glands [30]. 



Sebaceous glands are mainly found on the face and scalp. These glands 

 excrete sebum, which contains cholesterol, alcohol esters, and fatty acids [5]. Eccrine 

 glands are located over most of the human body and are most concentrated on the 

 forehead, the palms, and the soles of feet. Apocrine glands are found mainly in the 

 armpits and in the genital area. Eccrine and apocrine excretions are sudoriferous 

 in nature. These excretions are mainly water and sodium chloride. Traces of 

 metabolites from blood plasma may also be present in this solution [5]. 



Excreted sudor initially has no odor; it is the interaction with bacteria on the 

 skin which produces the acidic odor. The main contributor to this odor has been 

 identified as isovaleric acid [30]. Additionally, two steroids (17-oxo-5a-androstan-3a:- 

 yl sulfate and 17-oxo-5a-androsten-3j3-yl sulfate) as well as 2-18 carbon aliphatic 

 acids were found to be present [30,31]. It should be noted that these results were 



