PYTxlUIULINTE. 21 



many respects like tlic Waxen Chatterer, appearing only from time 

 to time. Sometimes it is not seen for several years, and then shows 

 itself in great numbers. These Bullfinches have their periodical 

 migrations, and unite together sometimes in large, and at other times 

 in small flocks before starting. They have been seen in Belgium in 

 1836, 1840, 1846, and 1850; but in the autumn of 1855 there was 

 such a number taken, that they might have been bought by the 

 dozen at the game-dealers. Our learned naturalist, M. le Baron 

 Selys-Longchamps, had the honour of being the first to figure this 

 bird in his "Faune Beige," and other naturalists have followed his 

 example. This Bullfinch has been long known as the Great Bullfinch 

 among bird-catchers. Naturalists have confounded it with the Common, 

 although from its size it ought to form a separate species, and it is 

 never known to join the Common Bullfinch when they assemble for 

 their periodical migrations. It is distinguished by a more brilliant 

 red and greater development of the white mark on the rump. The 

 species, according to all appearances, belongs to the north of Europe, 

 but as it has always been confounded with the Common Bullfinch, 

 it is not possible to assign it a fixed locality." 



The late Mr. "Wheelwright sent me specimens of this bird shot in 

 Lapland. It is a large form of Pyrrhula vulgaris. 



2. — Carpodacus longicauda, Temminck, P. sibiricus, Pallas. — This 

 bird was stated by Temminck to have been cajDtured in Hungary, 

 and it is admitted into the European list by Keyserling and Blasius. 

 It is however rejected by Schlegel, Degland, and Bonaparte. There 

 does not appear any authentic account of its occurrence in Europe. 

 It inhabits Eastern Siberia and the Altai Mountains. 



3. — Carpodacus caucasica, Pallas, Loxia ruhicilla, Guldenstadt, is 

 admitted into the European list by Keyserling and Blasius, Schlegel, 

 and Bonaparte. The latter says of it:- — "The Loxia riibicilla of Gul- 

 denstadt is a Carpodacus ; but it is much more strongly formed tha^i 

 erythrina, with which in other respects it has less affinity than with 

 P. roseus, which is also much smaller." He then alludes to a female 

 in the collection of M. de Selys, about the authenticity of which there 

 is some doubt. 



Degland also remarks of this bird, "This genus (CoccotJiraustes) 

 was established by Brisson, and only includes our Hawfinch. The 

 Count de Keyserling, Professor Blasius, and M, Schlegel place in 

 this genus the C. caucasicus of Pallas, Loxia ruhicilla, Guldenstadt. 

 But this bird was only known to the latter naturalist; it resembles 

 in size, form, and coloration the Pine Bunting; it is not certain that 

 it belongs to the genus CoccotJiraustes, and as it is only taken in 



