225 

 adjacent fallows and infrequently harvested game that occurred in the forest. In a study of Agta 

 hunters and Palanan fanners in the Philippines, Peterson (1981, 1982) also determined that hunters 

 concentrated on game species that consumed garden crops. In a study of Efe hunters and Lese 

 horticulturalists in the Ituri Forest of Zaire, Wilkie (1989) also reported that regrowth forest 

 surrounding horticulturalists' villages can and do provide substantial quantities of game. There were 

 two key elements to each of these studies: One, the farmers/gardeners continually cleared new garden 

 sites from the surrounding forest and abandoned old garden sites. Two, the vegetation of the areas was 

 a mixture of crop fields, forest edges, and broken cover. Peterson (1981:20) concluded that farming 

 expansion, at the level encountered in the Philippines, appeared to be supporting a high density of game 

 rather than causing environmental destruction. 



Wildlife Densities 



Linares' (1976) third premise for garden hunting was that the densities of game animals were 

 greater in the vicinity of gardens than in forests without gardens. Data on wildlife densities were 

 obtained by conducting censuses along transects in three successional stages of forest; Late Secondary 

 without Gardens, Late Secondary Forest with Gardens, and Early Secondary Forest (see Chapter 4). 

 Censuses were conducted during March-November 1990. This period included one growing season, 

 but not a complete year. 



Relatively few animals were sighted during the 121 censuses (ca. 240 km and 244 h, Appendix J). 

 A total of 240 sightings were made (150 mammals and 90 birds). More than 50% of the taxa were 

 sighted by census number 22, where as no new taxa were sighted after census number 75. This 

 suggests that the censuses recorded most of the potential game birds and mammals at the study area. 



Among the birds and maimnals sighted, seven mammalian taxa and three avian taxa were game 

 species. However, only the coati and plain chachalaca, among game species, were sufficiently 

 abundant to calculate densities and compare sighting frequencies between forest successional stages. 

 The coati had a population density of 1.0 individuals/km^ in Late Secondary Forest without Gardens 



