Wicht, Jr. and Rodriguez (1970) mixed LC Qr concentrations of naled 

 and ronnel with one-to-one mixtures of malt and water. These solutions 

 were painted onto squares of waxed paper which were attached to bait 

 stations made of plywood squares. Paper was replaced weekly. The 

 naled bait attracted more flies and had a quicker knockdown than ronnel. 



Granular baits are convenient to store and use, and have been 

 tested more extensively than other types of baits. Mayeux (l95^b) 



reduced house fly populations by 90% or more within 1 hour with a 1% 



2 

 malathion bait applied at 85.2 to 113-6 g/9-3 rn . If kept dry, the bait 



killed at this level for 3 to 7 days. Sampson (1956) ranked the 



efficacy of granular test baits in the following order: endrin, hepta- 



chlor, lindane, and parathion (all at 0.125?) more effective than 



diazinon, dieldrin, DOT, and phenthiazine (all at 0.125%) more effective 



than aldrin and thiourea (both at 1.0%) . Bailey et al. (1970) tested 



1% sugar baits of dimethoate, fenthion, formothion, naled, ronnel, and 



trichlorfon. All gave better than 75% control for 18 days. 



In 1971, resistance to trichlorfon (from 2.5 to 135.0 times) and 

 dichlorvos baits (from 2.3 to 16. 6 times) was reported from Florida 

 (Bailey et al . , 197 Id). 



Rogoff et al. (1964) demonstrated the presence of a house fly sex 



pheromone which Carlson et al. (1971) later identified as (Z)-9 - 



TM 

 tricosene, or Muscalure . Muscalure and its homologs were then syn- 

 thesized in the laboratory by Richter and Mangold (1973)- The addition 

 of Muscalure to sugar baits increased house fly catches (Carlson and 

 Beroza, 1973). Only males were caught in laboratory studies, but equal 

 numbers of males and females were caught in the field. Mulla et al. 



