38 



The use of sulfur in a dip was recommended by Payne (1929). The 

 dip consisted of 57 g of sulfur and 28 g of soap for each liter of water. 

 The dip was only for warm weather use. Emmel (1937) i ntermi ttant ly 

 fed chickens a diet that was 5% sulfur by weight and. controll ed not 

 only mites, but also fleas and lice. Povar (19^6) found that sulfur 

 actually repelled mites in vitro and the mites continued living for 14 

 days . 



Sulfur has been shown to be effective for nothern fowl mite control 



2 

 when added to poultry litter at the rate of 0.5 kg per k.7 m of litter 



(Foulk and Matthysse, 1963). Sulfur is added to poultry litter on the 



University of Florida Department of Poultry Science Research Farm and is 



routinely used to control northern fowl mites on floor birds (R. H. 



Harms, personal communication). A \% sulfur spray proved ineffective 



for northern fowl mite control on caged birds (Furman, 1953). 



TM 

 Nicotine sulfate, or Black Leaf kO , has been used as a roost 



paint (Payne, 1929; Hansens, 1950, 3 dust, a dip (Bishopp and Wagner, 

 1930, and a spray (Povar, 19^6; Hartman, 1953). Dips consisted of 1 

 part k0% nicotine sulfate in 9 parts water with or without the addition 

 of 28 g cf soap per gal of solution (Bishopp and Wagner, 1931)- Sprays 

 contained 1 part nicotine sulfate and 13 parts water. Hartman (1953) 

 recommended spraying at night and using three treatments at 3 _ day 

 interval s . 



Nicotine sulfate gave good northern fowl mite control for up to 

 1 month (Outright, 1929) and was considered by Povar (19^6) to be the 

 best method of mite control as late as 1 3^6 . Furman et al. (1953) re- 

 ported good, but temporary control with nicotine sulfate. Nicotine 



