10 



Spalangia endius (Walker) 



Due to the individual attention that has been given this pupal 

 parasite, and since it contaminated several of our fly colonies, a 

 brief review is warranted. 



Spalangia endius, Walker (Kymenoptera : Pteroma 1 idae) was found to 

 be not only a fairly common pupal parasite of house flies in poultry 

 manure, but one which could outcompete other species of in icrohymenop- 

 terans (Abies and Shepard, 197^5 Legner, 1967; Legner and Brydon, 1966), 

 It is noted for its ability to rapidly find hosts (Abies and Shepard, 

 197*0 and parasitize more hosts per unit time than its competitors 

 (Legner, 1967; Legner and Brydon, 1966). Best results were achieved 

 with S. endius during hot, dry weather (01 con and Legner, 1975). Be- 

 sides the pupae of M. domestiaa, S. endius also parasitizes pupae of 

 Fannia femoralis and Ophyra leuaostoma (Legner and Brydon, 1 966) . 



Morgan et al. (1975) suppressed a population of house flies in 35 

 days on a north Florida poultry farm using continuous releases of 

 S. endius, and Weidhaas et al. (1977) designed a model to simulate the 

 parasite-fly system. Thornberry and Cole (1978) found S. endius to be 

 effective only on isolated farms with dry manure. Morgan et al. (1976) 

 performed a laboratory study of the host-parasite relationships of 

 S. endius and M. domestica and then devised a method for mass rearing 

 the pupal parasite in the laboratory (Morgan et al., 1978). 

 Ophyra aenescens (Wied.) 



Ophyra aenesoens (Wied.) is a shiny black muscid fly easily dis- 

 tinguished from other members of the genus by its rufous-ye 1 i ow palpi. 

 It was described in 1830 by Wiedemann, who placed it in the genus 



