dispersal, and its constant alternation between feces and food 

 (Greenberg, 1971). Besides the transmission of diseases and helminths, 

 house flies also cause myiasis. Cuticular, ocular, and urinary myiasis 

 seem to be the types most frequently reported (James, 1 9^+7 ) , but other 

 types are recorded in the literature (Leclercq, 1969b). 

 B ionom ics 



Di str ibut ion 



The house fly \Musaa domestica) was described by Linnaeus in 1758, 

 and is known as an ubiquitous insect (West, 1951). Hewitt ( 1 3 1 ^+ ) called 

 the nouse fly a qualified ubiquitous insect because M. domestiaa is 

 divided into subspecies groupings in some geographic areas of the 

 globe. These subspecies are listed in Stone et al. (1965). 

 Life cycle 



The house fly life cycle varies in length depending on the ref- 

 erence. Bishopp et al. (1915) stated that the entire cycle required 

 from 7 days to 7 weeks. Other estimates are 3 weeks per generation 

 (James, 19^7). 10 days under usual conditions but 7 days in warm 

 weather (James and Harwood, 1969), and less than 1 week in the tropics 

 (Oldroyd, 1965). The following times are giver; for the length of the 

 developmental stages by Bishopp et al. (1915) and James and Harwood 

 (1969) respectively: 



Eggs hatch in: 24 hours 10 to 12 hours 



Larval stages: 3 days to 3 weeics 5 days 

 Pupal stage: 3 to 26 days 4 to 5 days 



Adult life span: 30 to bO days 



