57 



A golf course turf plugger 10 cm in diameter was used to make the holes 

 in which the cylinders were inserted. These cylinders, or pupal traps, 

 were highly attractive to third-instar larvae as pupation sites and 

 could therefore be used to collect fly pupae of known age. 



In placement of pupal traps, areas in the manure pack were selected 

 that appeared suitable for fly production. Once a site was chosen, the 

 plugger was used to remove a horizontal plug of manure from the edge of 

 the manure pack. The pupal trap was placed in the resulting hole and 

 firmed into place. A tag with identifying data was tied to the bottom 

 of the chicken cage directly above the trap to aid in locating the trap 

 at a later date. 



Collecting the traps was simple once they were located. Layers of 

 manure made traps difficult to find at times even with the aid of the 

 tags. Once found, traps were removed from the manure pack and tagged 

 (Figure 4). Plastic bags are advisable for transport of traps after use. 



Pupae were separated from the wood shavings by flotation. Trap 



contents were emptied into suitable containers and water was added. 



After ca. 30 min, wood shavings sink leaving only the pupae floating on 



the surface. If enough containers were available, all trap contents 



were floated simultaneously. 



Poultry and Poultry Facilities Used When Evaluating IGR's as Oral 

 Larv ic i des 



When IGR's were tested as oral larvicides, the amount of manure 

 needed for sampling and the frequency with which it was collected deter- 

 mined the number of hens used per treatment group. A hen voids ca . 92 ml 

 of wet manure per day or 6hJ ml per week (Hart, 1963) • Ten hens will 

 produce 6468 ml of manure weekly, which is enough to provide a maximum 



