396 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 



the total distance covered in a year in walking 300 feet and 

 return four times a day is over 145 miles, and a saving of 

 30 minutes every day for a year is equal to nearly 19 days 

 of ten hours each. As far as possible the arrangement of farm 

 buildings should follow the principles incorporated in modern 

 shops and factories. 



Comfortable buildings conserve feed to such an extent 

 that under modern conditions it is practically impossible to 

 produce meat or dairy products profitably without them. It 

 is true that authorities differ on this point. Some maintain 

 that protection from temperature changes is not of great im- 

 portance for successful beef production, but all agree that 

 protection from, wind and wet is essential. Sanitary farm 

 buildings maintain the health of farm animals. Pure air is 

 as essential as good food. Poor ventilation furnishes the 

 best conditions for disease germs to nourish, while proper 

 lighting dispels disease by destroying germs. The best 

 quality of milk cannot be produced in unsanitary barns. 



Laying Out the Farm. By the laying out of the farm is 

 meant the arrangement and location of the fields, buildings, 

 and lots. This is a subject which naturally precedes the 

 arrangement and design of farm buildings, for it is well-nigh 

 impossible to consider one farm building fully without taking 

 into account its relation to other buildings and to the fields 

 of the farm on which it is located. 



The proper arrangement of a farm is fundamental in 

 securing convenience, system, and economy in its operation 

 and management, and may determine the success or failure 

 of the enterprise. 



In laying out the farm an almost endless number of condi- 

 tions must be considered, among which may be mentioned: 



1. The amount of good and poor land. 



2. The location of the hills. 



