104 



GLOSSOLOGY OF THE MAMMALIA. 



(64.) The Occiput, or Hinder-part of the Head, Lat. Occiput, Ft. 

 L'occiput, Germ. Hinterkopf, — is that portion of the skull extending from 

 the vertex backwards to the cervical vertebrae. 



(65.) The Face, Lat. Vultus, Fr. La face. Germ. Antlitz, — placed at 

 the anterior part of the skull, contains most of the organs of sense. 

 See (7.) 



(66.) The Forehead, Lat- Frons, Fr. Le front. Germ. Stirn, — is that 

 portion of the Sinciput, extending from the eyes to the anterior margin 

 of the vertex. It is said to be 



(67.) Proportionate, Lat. Proportionata, Fr. Proportionne, Germ. 

 Ebenmassige stirn, — when it occupies a third-part of the length of the 

 face; 



(68.) High, Lat. Alta, Fr. Haut, Gerjii. Hohe, lange, — when it is 

 longer than the third-part ; and 



(69.) Low, Lat. Brevis, Fr. Bas, Germ. Kurze, — when shorter. The 

 Forehead is very open in Man and some Apes. 



(70.) The Muzzle, Lat. Rostrum, Fr. Le museau. Germ. Schnauze, 

 — is the prolongation of the face. 



(71.) The Facial Angle, Lat. Aiigulus facialis, Fr. L'angle facial, 

 Germ. Gesichtswinkel,— is the angle, more or less acute, formed between 

 two imaginary lines, the one drawn from the external hole of the ear to 

 the extreme point of the upper-jaw next to the teeth, and the other from 

 t!ie latter point as a tangent to the most prominent part of the forehead. 

 This angle is seldom measured except in Man and the Apes. In the 

 former it varies from 90° to 70", and in the latter from 65° to 30". Of 

 all Mammalia, the Orang-Outang has, next to Man, the most open facial 

 angle, and the Great Ant-eater {Mi/rmecophaga jubata) , the most acute. . 



(72.) The Temples, Lat. Tempora, Fr. Les tempes, Genn. Schliifen, — 

 are the portions of the head on each side of the forehead, situate above 

 a line drawn from the eye to the ear. 



(73.) The Cheek, Lat. Bucca, Fr. La jouo, Germ. Bakke, — is that 

 portion of the face extending from the corners of the nose and mouth 

 to the ear. 



(74.) The Upper-cheek, Lat. Gena, Fr. La joue superieure. Germ. 

 Wange, — is that portion of the cheek between the eye and the ear, im- 

 mediately covering the zygomatic arch. 



(75.) The Under-chin, Lat. Inghivies, Fr. La partie inferieure du 

 menton. Germ. Unterkinn,. — is that portion of the lower jaw between the 

 external margin of its branches and the throat. 



(76.) The Under-cheek, Lat. Mala, Fr. La partie inferieure de la 

 joue. Germ. Kinnbalvke, — is the hinder-part of the lower jaw, extending 

 beneath a line drawn from the corner of the mouth to the ear, and thence 

 downwards to the lower margin of the face. 



(77.) The Parotid Region, Lat. Regio parotica, Fr. La region paro- 

 tique. Germ. Ohrengegend,— is the part of the head round the ears. 



(78.) The Ophthalmic Region, Lat. Regio ophthalmica, Fr. La re- 

 gion ophthalmique. Germ. Augengegend, • — is the region around the eyes. 



(79.) The Nasal Region, Lat. Regio nasalis, Fr. La region nasale, 

 Germ. Nasengegend, — is that portion of the face around the nose. 



(80.) The Oral Region, Lat. Regio oris, Fr. La region orale. Germ. 

 Mundgegend, — is the part round the mouth. 



(81.) The Superciliary Ridges, Lat. Cristas superciliares, Fr. Les 

 cretes surciheres,— are projections of the frontal bone, placed horizon- 

 tally over the orbits of the eyes. These are found in certain Apes. 



(82.) The Sagittal Ridges, Lat. CristEe sagittales, Fr. Les cretes 

 sagittales, — are found on the top of the head at the upper part of the 

 parietal bone when single, or at the junction of the parietal bones. They 

 are found particularly among the Carnassiers. 



(83.) The Occipital Ridges, Lat. Cristas occipitales, Fr. Les cretes 

 occipitales, — are placed transversely on the occipital bone, and form tlie 

 point of attachment for the muscles which raise the head, as well as for 

 the cervical ligament in the Apes, Carnassiers, Ruminantia, Solipeda, and 

 others. 



In respect to its form and size the Head may be 



(84.) Round, Lat. rotundum, Fr. arrondie, as in Man and most 

 Apes ; 



(85.) Lengthened, Lat. elongatum, Fr. alongee, as in the Horse ; 



(86.) Greatly lengthened, Lat. prselongum, Fr. tres alongee, as in 

 the Great Ant-eater ; 

 I (87.) Pyramidal, as in the Howling Apes ; 



(88.) Very large, Lat. prsegrande, Fr. demesurement grosse, as in 

 the Whales, Cachalots, and Elephants ; 



(89.) Middle-sized, Lat. medium, Fr. moyenne, as in the Dog ; 



(90.) Small, Lat. parvum, Fr. petite, as in the Ai ; 



(91.) Flattened, Fr. aplatie, and 



(92.) Duck-billed, Fr. En bee de canard, as in the Ornithorhynchus. 



(93.) The Orbital Foss^, Lat. Fossae orbitales, Fr. Les fosses orbi- 

 taires, — are the cavities in the skull, for the reception of the eyes. They 

 may be 



'94.) Anterior, Fr. anterieures. as in Man and the Apes; 



(95.) Lateral, Fr. laterales, as in the Rodentia. 



(96.) The Temporal Foss^, Lat. Fossaj temporales, Fr. Les fosses 

 temporales, are the depressions of the temples. Sometimes they are 



(97.) Distinct, Fr. distinctes, — when they are separated fiom the 

 orbital fossae, as in Man and the Apes ; 



(98.) Communicating, Fr. communiquans, — when they are united to 

 the orbital fossae by the bottom of the latter, as in the Horse. 



(99.) Margined, Fr. raarginees, — when the orbital and temporal fossae 

 have a common margin, as in the Carnassiers and Rodentia. 



(100.) The nasal ross^, Lat. Fossa; nasales, Fr. Les fosses nasales, 

 are the holes in the skull corresponding to the apertures of the nose. 



IIL— THE ORGAN OF HEARING. 



(101.) The Ear, Lat. Autis, Fr. L'oreille, Germ. Ohr,_is the organ 

 of hearing. See pages 8 and 35. 



(102.) The Hole of the Ear^ Lat. Meatus auditorius externus, Fr. 

 Le conduit auditif externe, Gctto, Gehorgang,— is the tube of the ear 

 opening externally. 



(103.) The Auricle or External Ear, Lat. Auricula, seu Concha, 

 Fr. La conque externe, Gtrw. Ausseres Ohr, Ohrmuschel, — is a hollow- 

 cartilaginous cavity, for conveying the vibrations of the air into the in- 

 ternal ear. It is wholly wanting in the Cetacea, the Seals, the Rat- 

 Moles, Common Moles, and some others. 



(104.) The Helix, Lai. Heligma, seu HeUx, Fr. L'hehx, Germ. 

 Ohrleiste, is the outer and hinder margin of the Ear, usually convo- 

 luted. 



(105.) The Anthelix, Lat. Anthelix, Fr. L'anthelix, Germ. Gegen- 

 leiste,— is the inner margin of the Ear, running almost parallel with tlie 

 helix. 



(106.) The Tragus, Lat. Tragus, JF"/-. L'oreillon ou le tragus. Germ. 

 Olir Ekke,— is the projection at the anterior margin, immediately before 

 the hole of the ear. It assumes an enormous size in some Bats. 



(107.) The Antitragus, Lat. Antitragus, Fr. L'anti-tragus, Germ. 

 Gegen Ekke,— is the hinder process of the ear, opposite the Tragus. 



(108.) The Lobe, Lai. Lobulus, Fr. Le lobule, Germ. Ohrlappchen, 

 — is the lowest part of the ear below the Tragus. 



The Auricle is said to be 



(109.) Operculated, Lat. Auricula operculata, Fr. L'oreille oper- 

 culee. Germ. Gedekkeltes Ohr,— when the tragus lines the ear, so that it 

 appears to be double ; 



(110.) Marginated, Lat. Auricula marginata, -Fr. L'oreille rebordee. 

 Germ. Gerandetes Ohr, — when it is supplied with a convoluted helix ; 



(111.) Rudimentary, Lat, Auricula abscondita, Fr. L'oreille rudi- 

 mentaire. Germ. Verstekkte Ohren, — when it is almost concealed, as in 

 the Marmot. 



(112.) Rounded, Fr. arrondie, and 



(113.) Applied to the Head, Fr. appliquee centre la tete, — as in 

 Man, and such of the Apes as most resemble him ; 



(114.) Angular, Fr. anguleuse, — as in the Macacos and Baboons; 



(115.) Horn-shaped, Fr. En cornet, — with the opening in front, and 

 the base enlarged, as in Cats, Dogs, and Weasels ; 



(116.) Pedunculated, Fr. pedonculee, — in the form of an elongated 

 horn, with a kind of branch, which gives it great mobility, as in the Ru- 

 minantia, the Horse, and Rhinoceroses. 



(117.) The Auricular Operculum, Lat. Operculum auriculare, Fr. 

 L'oreillon, Germ. Ohrdekkel. This term is applied to the tragus, when it 

 is elongated so as almost to cover the auricular cavity. 



IV THE ORGAN OF VISION. 



(118.) The Eye, Lat. Oculus, Fr. L'oeil, pi. les yeux. Germ. Auge, 

 . — is the organ of vision. 



(119.) The Eye-ball, Lat. Bulbus oculi, Fr. Le globe de l'oeil. Germ. 

 Aug Apfel, — is the body of the eye, more or less globular, composed of 

 membranes and humours. 



(120.) The conjunctive membrane, Lat. Tunica conjunctiva seu ad- 

 nata, Fr. La conjonctive. Germ. Verbindende augenhaut, — is the ante- 

 rior membrane of the eye-ball, being a continuation of the skin of the 

 eye-Hds. 



(121.) The Eye-lids, Lat. Palpebrae, Fr. Les paupieres. Germ. Au- 

 genlieder, — are moveable cutaneous coverings, enveloping the whole or a 

 part only of the eye. 



(122.) The Sclerotica, or White op the Eve, Lat. Tunica sclero- 

 tica, Fr. La sclerotique. Germ. Weisse Augenhaut, — is a firm and white 

 membrane, covering the Eye-ball, and seen partially on its external sur- 

 face. 



(123.) The Cornea, Lat. Tunica cornea, Fr. La cornee. Germ. Horn- 



haut, is that transparent anterior membrane or coat of the eye filling the 



circular aperture of the sclerotica. 



(124.) The Iris, Lai. Iris, seu Tunica iiidea, Fr. L'iris, Germ. 



