GLOSSOLOGY OF THE MAMMALL\. 



109 



ternal opening of the rectum, placed under the tail for excretory pur- 

 poses. 



(331.) The Anal Pouch, Lat. Rima odorifera, Saccus analis, Fr. Les 

 foUicules anales, Germ. Riechende Hautfalte, Aftertasche, — is a sac 

 placed between the tail and the anus, or between the latter and the 

 organs of generation, and emitting an odoriferous secretion. 



(332.) The Penis, Lat. Penis, Fr. La verge, Germ. Ruthe, — is the 

 male organ of generation placed upon the groin. It is said to be 



(333.) Adnate, Lat. Adnatus, Germ. Angewachsne, — when the basal 

 part is concealed by the sldn of the abdomen, and its apex alone is free 

 towards the umbilical region. 



Animals are said to be 



(334.) Retkomingent, Laf. Animalia retromingentia, Germ. Riikk- 

 wiirtsharnende Thiere.^when the penis is directed backwards. 



(335.) The Vulva, Lat. Vulva, Fr. La vulve. Germ. Wurf — is the 

 female organ of generation, placed upon the perinaeum. 



(336.) The Cloaca, Lai. Cloaca, Fr. Le cloaque. Germ. Kloake, — 

 is the common outlet for the intestinal canal and the organs of genera- 

 tion, found in the Monotremata. 



xiv.—the limbs. 



(337.) The Limbs, Lat. Artus, Fr. Les membres, Germ. Gliedmassen, 

 — are the articulated extremities, fitted for walking, and usually having 

 their apices furnished with fingers or toes, and nails, claws, or hoofs. 

 In general the limbs are of equal length ; sometimes, however, the fore- 

 limbs are the longer, as in the Gibbons and Sloths ; and sometimes the 

 hinder limbs exceed the former, as in the Kangaroos, and most Rodentia. 



The Limes are said to be 



(338.) Retractile, Lat. Retracti, Obvoluti. Germ. Eingezognc, — when 

 their articulations are very short, so that the basal joints are buried in the 

 flesh, and the terminal almost hidden in the fur. 



(339.) PiNNiFORM, Lat. Artus pinniformcs, Fr. En forme de nageoires. 

 Germ. Flossenartige Gliedmassen, — when the pectoral limbs aic so im- 

 mersed in the trunk, and covered with skin, that their articulations aie 

 only discoverable by anatomization. They are then called 



(340.) The Pectoral Fins, Lat. Pinnte pectorales, Fr. Les Nageoires 

 pectorales. Germ. Brustfinnen, — from their resembling the fins of a fish, 

 both in general form and use. 



(341.) The Caudal Limbs, Lat. Pedes compedes, Fr. Les Nageoires 

 caudales. Germ. Verwachsne Beine, — are hinder-limbs placed horizontally 

 like a tail, so that their articulations can only be perceived anatomicallv. 



(342.1 The Foot, — is the extreme part of a limb, adapted for w-alking. 

 See (37.) and (46.) 



(343.) The Sole, Lat. Planta, Fr. La plante du pied. Germ. Sohle, 

 — is the inferior side of the foot from the wrist or ancle-joint to the 

 extremities of the fingers or toes. 



(344.) The Fingers or Toes, — form the apex of a limb. See (40.) 

 Their number varies from one to five on the several extremities. 



Thus, there are on each limb in 



Man 5 Above and 5 Below. 



The Bears, Elephant 5 Before and 5 Beiiind. 



Jlost RoDENTI.A. 4 5 



Peearis, Cabiais, AEjoutis 4 3 



Hippopotamus, Suricate 4 4 



Two-toed Ant-eater 2 4 



Sloths 2 or 3 4 



Rhinoceroses 3 3 



RUMINANTIA 2 2 



Solipeda I 1 



A Foot is said to be 



(345.) Mono-dactylous, Di-dacttloos, Tri-dactylous, Tetba-dac- 

 tylous, or Penta-dactylous, — when it has one, two, three, four, or 

 five toes or fingers ; 



(346.) Adactylous, Lat. Adactylus, Mutilatus, Fr. Adactyle, Germ. 

 Ohnzehiges, — when the toes or fingers are wanting. 



(347.) The Axilla or Arm-Pit, Lat. Axilla, Fr. L'aisselle, Germ. 

 Achsel, — is the hollow under the fore-limb at its insertion with the 

 thorax. 



(348.) The Thigh, Lat. Clunis, Fr. La jambe. Germ. Keule, is the 



femur, together with its fleshy covering. 



(349.) The Buttocks, Lat. Nates, Fr. Les fesses. Germ. Gesiiss, 



are the hinder [or lower] sides of the thighs, and frequently prominent. 



(350.) The Callosities of the Buttocks, Lat. Tylia, Natis calvse, 

 Fr. Les callosites. Germ. Gesass-schwiele, — are hard and smooth portions 

 of the buttocks, frequently coloured, found in some Apes. 



(351.) The Calf, Lat. Sura, Fr. Gras de la jambe. Germ. Wade,— 

 is the swelling muscle behind the upper part of the tibia. 

 28 



XV — THE FEET OR HANDS, 

 IN besi'ect to their parts and appendages. 



(352.) The Thumb or Great-Toe, Lat. Pollex, Hallux, Digitus 

 primus, Fr. Le pouce. Germ. Daumen, Innenzehe, — is the innermost 

 finger or toe, usually distinguished from the others by its situation, and 

 by being always the shortest and thickest. 



(353.) The Index or First Finger, Lat. Digitus index seu secundus. 



Fr. Le doigt indicateur. Germ. Zeigefinger, Die zweite zehe, is the 



finger next to the thumb. 



(354.) The Second or Middle Finger, Lat. Digitus tertius, Fr. Le 

 medius. Germ. Die dritte zehe, — is the finger next to the index. 



(355.) The Third or Ring Finger, Lat. Digitus quartus, Fr. L'an- 

 nulaire. Germ. Die vierte zehe, — is the third finger from the thumb. 



(356.) The Fourth or Little Finger, Lat. Digitus quintus, Fr. Le 

 petit doigt. Germ. Die funfte zehe, — is the fourth finger from tlio tliun.b. 



The same phraseology is applied to the Toes. 



The Thumb is said to be 



(357.) Rudimentary, Lat. Verruca hallucaris, Fr. Le pouce rudi- 

 mentaire. Germ. Daumenspur, — when it scarcely emerges from the skin ; 



(358.) Opposable, — when it is capable of being applied to the fingers. 

 This may be upon the fore-limbs only, as in Man, or on all the hmbs, as 

 in the Apes, or only on the hinder limbs, as in the Opossums. 



The Finger or Toe is said to be 



(359.) Insistent, Lat. Insistens, Germ. Auftretend, — when it touches 

 the earth wliile the animal rests upon its feet ; 



(360.) Elevated, Lai. Amotus, Germ. Hinaufgeriikkte, — when it is 

 inserted so high, that it does not touch the ground while the animal is 

 walking. 



(361.) The Glove, Lat. Podotheca, Gfrra. Fuss-schcide, — is the fur 

 covering the entire foot or hand. 



(362.) The Finger-Glove, Lat. Dactylotheca, Ga-m. Zehenscheide, 

 — is the part of the glove covering each separate finger. 



(363.) The Finger-Balls, and Heel-Balls, Lat. Tylari, Germ. 

 Zehenballen, Hakkenballen, — are the naked and callous parts undei the 

 fingers and the heels. 



(364.) The Nail, Lat. Lamna, Unguis, Fr. L'ongle, Germ. Nagei, 



is the broad and flat horny surface, covering in a greater or less degree 

 the upper side of the last phalanx. 



(365.) The Claw, Lat. Falcula, Unguis falcularis, Fr. Griffe, Germ. 

 Kralle, — is an elongated, compressed, and rounded nail. 



A Claw is said to be 



(366.) Retractile, Lat. Falcula vaginata, Fr. Retractile, Ge7-m 

 Gescheidete Kralle, — .when it can be drawn within a proper sheath upon 

 the last phalanx ; 



(367.) Tegular, Lat. Tegularis, Germ. Kuppennagel, — when it ap- 

 proaches to a Nail in form. 



(368.) The Hoof, Lat. Ungula, Fr. Le sabot. Germ. Huf, — is a horny 

 covering, enveloping the point of the phalanx on every side. 



(369.) The Sole of the Hoof, Lat. Soiea, Fr. La sole, Germ. Hul- 

 sohle, — is its entire under surface, including the hollow part. 



(370.) The Coronet, Lat. Coronamen, Fr. La couronne. Genu. 

 Hufkranz, — is the upper margin of the hoof, where it presses the finger 

 or foot. 



(371.) The Frog, Fr. La fourchette, — is an elevated portion in the 

 form of a V, sometimes found behind the middle of the sole of a hoof. 



(372) The Hand, Lat. Manus, i^r. La main, Genw. Hand, — is the ex- 

 treme part of a limb, having its thumb free and opposable, and covered 

 with a flat nail. Sometimes this term is applied to a foot, when its toes 

 are very long and much separated from each other. 



(373.) The Paw, Lat. Palma, Fr. La patte. Germ. Tatze, — is the 

 broad part, consisting of the carpus and metacarpus in the fore-limb, or 

 the tarsus and metatarsus in the hinder. 



(374.) The Palm, Lat. Vola, Fr. La paume. Germ. Handhohlung, — 

 is the flat inner surface of a hand. 



XVI THE FEET OR HANDS, 



IN EESPECT TO THEIR FORM AND USE. 



Their Fingers or Toes may be 



(375.) Divided, Lat. Fissi, Fr. Separes, Germ. Gespaltne, — when 

 they are not connected by any intermediate membrane ; or 



(376.) Half-Divided, Lat. Semi-fissi, Fr. Denrisepares, Germ. Halb- 

 gespaltne, — when they are only partially connected. 



Animals are said to be 



(377.) FissiPEDE, Lat. Animalia Fissipeda, Fr. Les fissipedes, Germ. 

 SpaltRissige Thiere, — when their fingers or toes are unconnected by a 

 membrane. 



The Fingers or Toes are said to be 



