GLOSSOLOGY OF THE MAMMALL-^. 



Ill 



(429.) Haiuless, Lat. Depilis, Fr. Nue, Germ. Haavlos, — when it is 

 destitute of hair ; as upon all callosities ; on most part of the face in Man 

 and some Apes ; on the Chiloma (157) of most Ruminants ; and on the 

 snout of all Carnassiers and Rodentia. 



(430.) The Foe, Lat. Vellus, Fr. La fourrure, Gervi. Pelz,— consists 

 of the hairs of the entire body or a part, considered together. 



(431.) The Felt, Lat. Pellis, Fr. Le feutre, "GenK. Fell, — is the 

 hairy skin and fur, considered together. 



(432.) The Woolly Fur, Lat. Codarium, Germ. Wollpelz.— consists 

 of the finer and softer hairs of the fur, amongst which the longer hairs 

 are usually intermixed. 



(433.) The Wool, Lat. Lana, Fr. La laine, Germ. Wolle, — consists of 

 long, fine, frizzled, and curly hair, as in the Sheep. 



(434.) The Hair of the Head, Lat. Capilli, Crines, Coma, Fr. Les 

 Cheveux, Germ. Haupthaare, — are the long hairs proceeding from the 

 skin of the skull. 



(435.) The Crest, Lat. Caprona, Antise, Crista, Fr. L'aigrette, Germ. 

 Stirnschopf, — consists of long hairs, proceeding upwards and backwards 

 from the top of the liead, and it may either be Stellated (455) or Voi-ti- 

 cillated (456). 



(436.) The Beard, Zat. Barba, aruncus, Fr. La barbe. Germ. Bart, 

 — consists of long hairs hanging from the chin, as in the Goat and Bison. 

 (437.) The Whisker, Lat. Mysta.x, barba malaris, Fr. La moustache, 

 Germ. Bakkenbart, — is the long hair covering the under-choek (76). 



(438.) The Modstachio, Lai. Mastax, Fr. La moustache, Germ. 

 Knebelbart, — is the beard of the upper lip. It is very long in the noc- 

 turnal or aquatic Carnassiers, as the Cats and Seals. It can scarcely 

 be -observed in the Kangaroos and Ruminantia, and is wholly wanting in 

 the Whales and Dolphins. 



(439.) The Stiff Hairs, Lat. VibrissK, Fr. Les faisceaux de polls. 

 Germ. Schnurrhaare, — are long elongated bristles of great strength upon 

 the nose, and some other parts of the face, and sometimes also upon the 

 inner sides of the fore-limbs. These gigantic moustachios serve as wea- 

 pons of defence to the Manatus. 



(440.) The Eye-erows, Lat. Supercilia, Fr. Les sourcils. Germ. 

 Augenbraune, — are transverse series of hairs placed at the lower part of 

 the forehead and above the eyes. 



(441.) The Eye-lashes, Lat. Cilia, Fr. Les cils. Germ. Wimpern. — 

 are long hairs proceeding from the eyelids. 



(442.) The Mane, Lat. Juba, Fr. La criniere, Germ. Miihne, — con- 

 sists of long hairs adorning the ridge of the back, sometimes extending 

 from the occiput to the end of the tail, as in the Civet and Zibet; some- 

 times it extends no lower than the shoulders, where it becomes mixed 

 with the long hairs of the withers, as in the Lion ; and sometimes its hairs 

 have their points turned towaids the head, as in the Antelope leticori/x. 



(443.) The Tail-tuft, Lat. Floccus, Fr. Le Flocon, Germ. Quaste, 

 — consists of long loose hair covering the extiemity of the tail, as in the 

 Lion, the Ass, and some Apes, 



(444.) The Hair-bunch, £«/. Scopa.T^y. Labrosse, G-Vrm.Haarbiischel, 

 — is a bunch of long and loose hair hanging from the wrist (51), as in 

 some Antelopes, or from any other part of the body. 



(445.) The Pencil, Lat. Penicillus, Fr. Le pinceaii. Germ. Pinsel, — 

 is a vet}' small bundle of rigid hair placed on the top of any part. 



(446.) A Lock, Lat. Cincinnus, Fr. Une touffe. Germ. Lokke, — is 

 each small bundle of hair involved at its apex. 



(447.) The Pubes, Lat. Pubes, Fr. Le pubisi Germ. Schaamhaar, — 

 is the hairs placed upon the groin. 



(448.) The Down or Milk Hair, Lat. Lanugo, Fr. Le duvet, Germ. 

 Milch-haar, — is the soft and fine hair of young animals, not yet changed, 

 and frequently variegated with different colours. 



(449.) The Hair-seam or Suture, Lat. Sutura, Germ. Haarnaht, — 

 is the line formed by the points of the hairs of the fur converging to- 

 gether. 



The Hairs are said to be 



(450.) Smooth, Lat. Pih incumbentes, Fr. Les polls couches ou lisses. 

 Germ. Anliegende haare, — when they are pressed close to the skin along 

 their entire length ; 



(451.) Erect, Lat. Erecti, Fr. Droits, Germ. Aufrechte, — when they 

 are placed almost vertically upon the skin ; 



(452.) Knotted, Lat. Tomentosi, Fr. Noueux, Germ. Filzige, — when 

 they are entangled together and interwoven, so that they can be extricated 

 only with difficulty ; 



(453.) Silky, Lat. Sericei, Fr. La bourre. Germ. Seidenhaare, when 



they are soft, short, and shining, as in the Makis ; 



(454.) Villous, Lat. Villosi, Germ. Zottige, — when they are long, thin, 

 and straight ; 



(455.) Stellated, Lat. Stella, Germ. Haarstern — when the hair pro- 

 ceeds from a centre like the radii of a circle, as on the head of the Hair- 

 lipped Macaco {Macacus cynomolgiis) ; 



(456.) Vorticillated, Lat. Vortex, Germ. Haarwirbel,— when the 

 hairs run from the circumference to the centre in bent radii, as on the 

 head of the Chinese-capped Macaco {M. Siiiicus) ; 



(457.) Distichous, Lat. Varicula, Germ. Scheitelung,— when the 

 hair of the fur is arranged in two series, diverging in opposite directions ; 



(458.) Fistulous, Fr. Fistuleux, Germ. Fistelartig, — when it is 

 shaped like a reed or quill, as in the hairs beneath the body of the Por- 

 cupine. 



XIX THE HORNS. 



(459.) The Horns, Lat. Cornua, Fr. Les cornes. Germ. Horner, 



are hard processes, composed either of horn or bone. These may pro- 

 ceed either from the nose, when they are said to be nasal, or from the 

 forehead, when they are termed frontal. According to the substance of 

 which they are composed and their form, they may be either osseous or 

 corneous, solid or hollow. 



(460.) The Pgopee Horns, Lat. Cornua vaginantia, Fr. Les cornes 

 creuses. Germ. Scheidenhorner, — are hollow bodies or sheaths covering 

 osseous processes of the frontal or nasal bones, found in several Rumi- 

 nants, such as the Bulls, Goats, Sheep, and Antelopes. 



(461.) The Horn-Base or Core, Lat. Embolus, Germ. Hornzapfen, 



is the bony process of the frontal or nasal bone, covered by a proper horn. 

 (462.) The Antlers, Lat. Ceras, cornu, Fr. Les bois, Ger7n. Ge- 

 weihe, — consist of two solid, frontal, and corneous horns, which fall and 

 are renewed every year, as in the Deer. They are called the Attire by 

 hunters, and are said to be 



(463.) Branching, Lat. Cerata ramosa, Fr. Les bois branchus. Germ. 

 Astige Geweihe, — when they emit branches. 



(464.) The Beam or Main-Stem, Zail. Caulis, Fr. Merrain, Germ. Stange, 

 — is the principal trunk of a branching antler. 



(465.) The Burr, Lat. Stephanium, Fr. Le Noyau, Germ. Krone, 

 — is a granulated prominence at the base of the beam, and covering the 

 horn-base (461)- 



(466.) The Branches or Snags, Lat. Rami, Fr. Les andouillers, 

 Germ. Zinken, Enden, — are the processes of the beam. 



(467.) The Brow Antler, Lat. Propugnaculum, Amynter, Germ. 

 Augensprosse, — is the foremost and lowest branch of a beam. 

 The Antlers may be 



(468) Palmated, Lat. Cerata palmata, Germ. Schaufelformige Ge- 

 weihe — when the brandling antlers are dilated at their extremity like a 

 shovel ; 



(469.) Deciduous or Annual, Lat. Dccidua, annua, Fr. Caducs, 

 Germ. Wechselnde, Abfallende, — when they fall and are renewed every 

 year. 



The Horns and Antlers may be 



(470.) Pendant, Lat. Prona, Germ. Vorgelegte, — when they hang 

 downwards above the muzzle ; 



(471.) Reflected, Lat. Reclinata, Fr. Recourbees, Germ. Riikkge- 



legte when they are turned backwards, as in the Capra 3iamhrica ; 



(472.) Incurvated, Lat. Camura» i^/-. Courbes en dedans, (?<?nn. Ein- 

 gebogne, — when they are bent inwards ; 



(473.) Divergent, Lat. Vara, Fr. Divergens, Germ. Auswiirts- 

 gebogne,_when they are bent outwards, as in the Cerws Dama ; 



(474.) Reduncate, Lat. Redunca, Fr. Courbes en avant. Germ. 

 Hakige, — when they are curved forwards, as in the Antilope Trago- 

 campus ; 



(475.) Lyrate, Lat. Lyrata, Fr. En lyre ou lyroides. Germ. Leier- 

 formige, — when they are so bent as to exhibit the form of an ancient lyre, 

 when viewed behind, before, or on the side ; 



(476.) Round, Lat. Teretia, Fr. Arrondies, — as in the Stags ; 

 (477.) Annulated, Lat. Annulata, Fr. Annelees, — covered with rings, 

 as in the Gazelles. 



(478.) Bifid, Fr. Bifourques, — divided into two prongs at the point, 

 as in the Roebuck ; 



(479.) Trifid, Fr. Trifourques, — divided into three prongs, as in the 

 Cervas pygargus ; 

 (480.) Uncinate, Fr. Recourbfes aleurextremite, — bent at the points; 

 (48 1 .) Spiral, Fr. En spirale, — as in the Ovis sterjiskeros ; 



(482.) Tkiangular as in the Capra depressa ; 



(483.) Carinated, Fr. Garnies de petites cannelures, — with furrows, 

 as in the Capra JEgagrus ; 



(484.) Knotted, Fr. Monihforme, — as in the Capra Ibex. 

 (485.) The Pannicle, Lat. Pannicula, Germ. Bast, — is the rough 

 skin covering deciduous horns when they have just begun to appear. 



(486.) The Pricket or Dag, Lnt. Pattalus, Fr. Dague, Germ. Spiess, 

 — is the simple antler of a young animal, before it begins to have branches. 

 (487.) A Spitter, Lat. Subulo, Fr. Daguet, Germ. Spiessern, — is a 

 young animal, having only prickets or dags upon its forehead. 



